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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
| (Mark One) |
|
|
| ý |
|
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| For the fiscal year ended September 29, 2007 |
| or |
| o |
|
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| For the transition period from
to
|
| Commission file number 000-10030 |
APPLE INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| California |
|
942404110 |
(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation or organization) |
|
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.) |
1 Infinite Loop
Cupertino, California |
|
95014 |
| (Address of principal executive offices) |
|
(Zip Code) |
Registrant's
telephone number, including area code: (408) 996-1010
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Common Stock, no par value |
|
The NASDAQ Global Select Market |
| (Title of class) |
|
(Name of exchange on which registered) |
Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes o No ý
NoteChecking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or
15(d) of the Exchange Act from their obligations under those Sections.
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding
12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past
90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (section 229.405 of this chapter) is not
contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this
Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of "accelerated filer
and large accelerated filer" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
| Large accelerated filer ý |
|
Accelerated filer o |
|
Non-accelerated filer o |
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the
Act). Yes o No ý
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, as of March 31, 2007, was approximately
$74,499,000,000 based upon the closing price reported for such date on the NASDAQ Global Select Market. For purposes of this disclosure, shares of common stock held by persons who hold more than 5% of
the outstanding shares of common stock and shares held by executive officers and directors of the registrant have been excluded because such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination
of executive officer or affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.
875,540,274
shares of Common Stock Issued and Outstanding as of November 2, 2007
The Business section and other parts of this Annual Report on Form 10-K ("Form 10-K") contain forward-looking statements that involve
risks and uncertainties. Many of the forward-looking statements are located in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." Forward-looking statements
provide current expectations of future events based on certain assumptions and include any statement that does not directly relate to any historical or current fact. Forward-looking statements can
also be identified by words such as "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "expects," "intends," "plans," "predicts," and similar terms. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future
performance and the Company's actual results may differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such differences include, but are not
limited to, those discussed in the subsection entitled "Risk Factors" under Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K. The Company assumes no obligation to revise or update
any forward-looking statements for any reason, except as required by law.
PART I
Item 1. Business
Company Background
Apple Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively "Apple" or the "Company") design, manufacture, and market personal computers, portable digital music players,
and mobile communication devices and sells a variety of related software, services, peripherals, and networking solutions. The Company sells its products worldwide through its online stores, its
retail stores, its direct sales force, and third-party wholesalers, resellers, and value-added resellers. In addition, the Company sells a variety of third-party Macintosh ("Mac"), iPod and iPhone
compatible products, including application software, printers, storage devices, speakers, headphones, and various other accessories and peripherals through its online and retail stores. The Company
sells to education, consumer, creative professional, business, and government customers. The Company's fiscal year is the 52 or
53-week period that ends on the last Saturday of September. Unless otherwise stated, all information presented in this Form 10-K is based on the Company's fiscal
calendar.
Business Strategy
The Company is committed to bringing the best personal computing, portable digital music and mobile communication experience to students, educators, creative professionals,
businesses, government agencies, and consumers through its innovative hardware, software, peripherals, services, and Internet offerings. The Company's business strategy leverages its unique ability to
design and develop its own operating system, hardware, application software, and services to provide its customers new products and solutions with superior ease-of-use,
seamless integration, and innovative industrial design. The Company believes continual investment in research and development is critical to the development and enhancement of innovative products and
technologies. In addition to evolving its personal computers and related solutions, the Company continues to capitalize on the convergence of the personal computer, digital consumer electronics and
mobile communications by creating and refining innovations, such as the iPod, iPhone, iTunes Store, and Apple TV. The Company's strategy also includes expanding its distribution network to effectively
reach more of its targeted customers and provide them with a high-quality sales and post-sales support experience.
Digital Lifestyle
The Company believes that for both professionals and consumers the personal computer has become the center of an evolving digital lifestyle by integrating with and enhancing
the utility of advanced digital devices such as the Company's iPods, iPhones, digital video and still cameras, televisions, personal digital assistants, and other digital devices. The attributes of
the personal computer that enable this functionality include a high-quality user interface, easy access to relatively inexpensive data storage, the ability to run complex applications, and
the ability to connect easily to a wide variety of other digital devices and to the Internet. The Company is the only participant in the personal computer industry that controls the design
1
and
development of the entire personal computerfrom the hardware and operating system to sophisticated software applications. This, along with its products' creative industrial designs,
intuitive ease-of-use, and built-in graphics, multimedia and networking capabilities, positions the Company to offer innovative integrated digital lifestyle
solutions.
Expanded Distribution
The Company believes a high-quality buying experience with knowledgeable salespersons who can convey the value of the Company's products and services greatly
enhances its ability to attract
and retain customers. The Company sells many of its products and resells certain third-party products in most of its major markets directly to consumers, education customers, and businesses through
its retail and online stores. The Company has also invested in programs to enhance reseller sales, including the Apple Sales Consultant Program, which places Apple employees and contractors at
selected third-party reseller locations. The Company believes providing direct contact with its targeted customers is an efficient way to demonstrate the advantages of its Mac computers and other
products over those of its competitors.
At
the end of fiscal 2007, the Company had opened a total of 197 of its own retail stores, including 174 stores in the U.S. and a total of 23 stores in Canada, Japan, U.K. and Italy. The
Company has typically located its stores at high-traffic locations in quality shopping malls and urban shopping districts.
One
of the goals of the retail initiative is to expand the Company's installed base through sales to customers who currently do not already own the Company's products. By operating its own stores and
locating them in desirable high-traffic locations, the Company is better positioned to control the customer buying experience and attract new customers. The stores are designed to simplify
and enhance the presentation and marketing of the Company's products and related solutions. To that end, retail store configurations have evolved into various sizes in order to accommodate
market-specific demands. The stores employ experienced and knowledgeable personnel who provide product advice and certain support services. The stores offer a wide selection of third-party hardware,
software, and various other accessory products and peripherals selected to complement the Company's own products.
Education
Throughout its history, the Company has focused on the use of technology in education and has been committed to delivering tools to help educators teach and students learn. The
Company believes effective integration of technology into classroom instruction can result in higher levels of student achievement, especially when used to support collaboration, information access,
and the expression and representation of student thoughts and ideas. The Company has designed a range of products and services to address the needs of education customers. These products and services
include the Company's Mac computers, iPods, iTunes, and Apple TV, in addition to various solutions for video creation and editing, wireless networking, professional development, and
one-to-one (1:1) learning. A 1:1 learning solution typically consists of a portable computer for every student and teacher along with the installation of a wireless network.
Creative Professionals
Creative professionals constitute one of the Company's most important markets for both hardware and software products. This market is also important to many third-party
developers who provide Mac-compatible hardware and software solutions. Creative customers utilize the Company's products for a variety of activities including digital video and film
production and editing; digital video and film special effects, compositing and titling; digital still photography and workflow
management; graphic design, publishing, and print production; music creation and production; audio production and sound design; and web design, development, and administration.
The
Company designs its high-end hardware solutions, including servers, desktops, and portable Mac systems, to incorporate the power, expandability, and features desired by creative
professionals. The Company's operating system, Mac OS X, incorporates powerful graphics and audio technologies and
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features
developer tools to optimize system and application performance when running creative solutions provided by the Company or third-party developers.
Other
In addition to consumer, education and creative professional markets, the Company provides hardware and software products and solutions for customers in the information
technology, science, business, and government markets.
Business Organization
The Company manages its business primarily on a geographic basis. The Company's reportable operating segments consist of the Americas, Europe, Japan, and Retail. The Americas,
Europe, and Japan reportable segments do not include activities related to the Retail segment. The Americas segment includes both North and South America. The Europe segment includes European
countries as well as the Middle East and Africa. The Retail segment operates Apple-owned retail stores in the U.S., Canada, Japan, the U.K. and Italy. Each reportable geographic operating segment and
the Retail operating segment provide similar hardware and software products and similar services. Further information regarding the Company's operating segments may be found in Part II,
Item 7 of this Form 10-K under the heading "Segment Operating Performance," and in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K in Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements at Note 9, "Segment Information and Geographic Data."
Products
The Company offers a range of personal computing products including desktop and portable personal computers, related devices and peripherals, and various third-party hardware
and software products. In addition, the Company offers software products including Mac OS® X, the Company's proprietary operating system software for the Mac®;
server software and related
solutions; professional application software; and consumer, education and business oriented application software. The Company also designs, develops and markets to Mac and Windows users its family of
iPod® digital music players and its iPhone mobile communication device, along with related accessories and services including the online distribution of third-party content
through the Company's iTunes Store. The Company's primary products are discussed below.
Hardware Products
The Company offers a range of personal computing products including desktop and notebook computers, server and storage products, related devices and peripherals, and various
third-party hardware products. The Company's Mac desktop and portable systems feature Intel microprocessors, the Company's Mac OS X Version 10.5 Leopard
("Mac OS X Leopard") operating system that became available in October 2007 and iLife® suite of software for creation and management of digital photography, music,
movies, DVDs, and website. The Company's transition from PowerPC to Intel microprocessors for Mac systems was completed in August 2006, and its transition for Xserve® was completed
in November 2006. There are potential risks and uncertainties associated with the transition to Intel microprocessors, which are further discussed in Item 1A of this
Form 10-K under the heading "Risk Factors."
MacBook® Pro
The
MacBook Pro family of notebook computers is designed for professionals and advanced consumer users. First introduced in January 2006, the MacBook Pro includes a 15-inch or
17-inch widescreen display, a built-in iSight® video camera, Front Row with the Apple Remote, and the MagSafe® magnetic power adapter. In
June 2007, the Company updated its MacBook Pro models to include the latest Intel Core 2 Duo processors and the Nvidia GeForce 8600M GT graphics controller. MacBook Pro includes
up to 4GB of 667MHz DDR2 main memory with an 800 MHz frontside bus, a Serial ATA hard drive, and a slot-loading double-layer SuperDrive®. In addition, every MacBook Pro
features a 1-inch thin aluminum enclosure and includes AirPort Extreme® 802.11n wireless networking, Bluetooth 2.0+EDR, Gigabit
3
Ethernet,
USB 2.0 and FireWire® ports, audio input and output ports, a DVI video-out port, an ExpressCard/34 slot, scrolling trackpad, and backlit keyboard.
MacBook®
The
MacBook is designed for consumer and education users. First introduced in May 2006, the MacBook includes a 13-inch widescreen display, a built-in iSight video camera
and the MagSafe magnetic power adapter. In May 2007, the Company updated its MacBook
models with faster Intel Core 2 Duo processors running at up to 2.16GHz, Intel integrated graphics, support for up to 4GB of 667MHz DDR2 main memory, a Serial ATA hard drive, and a
slot-loading Combo optical drive or double-layer SuperDrive. In addition, MacBook models include AirPort Extreme 802.11n wireless networking, Bluetooth 2.0+EDR, Gigabit
Ethernet, USB 2.0 and FireWire ports, audio input and output ports, a mini-DVI video output port, and scrolling trackpad.
Mac® Pro
The
Mac Pro desktop computer is targeted at business and professional users and is designed to meet the performance, expansion, and networking needs of the most demanding Mac user. The Mac Pro
features two Intel Xeon dual-core or quad-core processors running at up to 3.0GHz, with 4MB and 8MB of shared Level 2 cache and independent 1.33GHz
front-side buses, 667MHz fully buffered memory, and a 256-bit wide memory architecture. The Mac Pro also features a direct attach storage solution for snap-in
installation of up to four 750GB Serial ATA hard drives for a total of 3TB of internal storage. Every Mac Pro includes three full-length PCI Express expansion slots and one
double-wide PCI Express graphics slot to support double-wide graphics cards. The Mac Pro also includes dual Ethernet ports, optical digital input and output ports, analog audio
input and output ports, and multiple FireWire 400, FireWire 800 and USB 2.0 ports.
iMac®
The
iMac desktop computer is targeted at consumer, education and business customers. In August 2007, the Company updated the iMac to include 2.0GHz, 2.4GHz or 2.8GHz Intel Core 2 Duo
processors, up to 4 GB of 667 MHz DDR2 SDRAM, a faster graphics card using ATI Radeon HD 2400 XT or ATI Radeon HD 2600 PRO graphics, and slot-loading
double-layer SuperDrive. All iMac models include a built-in iSight video camera, AirPort Extreme 802.11n wireless networking, Bluetooth 2.0+EDR, built-in Gigabit
Ethernet, USB 2.0 and Fire Wire ports, and mini-DVI video out.
Mac® mini
In
February 2006, the Company introduced the Intel-based Mac mini that includes Front Row with the Apple Remote. The Mac mini offers 1GB of 667MHz memory expandable to 2GB and either a 1.83GHz
or 2.0GHz Intel processor. Every Mac mini includes built-in Gigabit Ethernet, AirPort Extreme 802.11g wireless networking, Bluetooth 2.0+EDR, a total of four USB 2.0 ports,
and one FireWire 400 port. Mac mini includes a full-size DVI interface and a VGA-out adapter to connect to a variety of displays, including televisions, and features
both analog and digital audio outputs.
Xserve® and Xserve RAID Storage System
Xserve
is a 1U rack-mount server powered by two dual-core 64-bit Intel Xeon processors running at up to 3.0GHz and features Mac OS® X
Server 10.5, which became available in October 2007. Xserve supports up to 32GB of RAM, remote management and internal serial attached SCSI ("SAS") or serial ATA ("SATA") storage drives
of up to 2.25TB, with optional internal hardware RAID. The Company's Xserve RAID storage system delivers up to 10.5TB of Fiber Channel attached hardware RAID storage capacity and also expanded support
for Mac OS X and heterogeneous environments.
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Music Products and Services
The Company offers its iPod® line of portable digital music players and related accessories to Mac and Windows users. All iPods work with the Company's
iTunes® digital music management software ("iTunes software") available for both Mac and Windows-based computers.
The
Company also provides an online service to distribute third-party music, audio books, music videos, short films, television shows, movies, podcasts and iPod games through its iTunes Store. In
addition to the Company's own iPod accessories, thousands of third-party iPod compatible products are available, either through the Company's online and retail stores or from third parties, including
portable and desktop speaker systems, headphones, car radio solutions, voice recorders, cables and docks, power supplies and chargers, and carrying cases and armbands.
iPod® shuffle
The
iPod shuffle weighs half an ounce and features an aluminum design and a built-in clip. The iPod shuffle contains 1GB of flash memory capable of holding up to 240 songs and provides up
to 12 hours of battery life. The iPod shuffle includes a shuffle switch feature that allows users to listen to their music in random order or in the order of their playlist synced through
iTunes. iPod shuffle works with iTunes' patent-pending AutoFill option that automatically selects songs to fill the iPod shuffle from a user's iTunes library.
iPod® nano
In
September 2007, the Company introduced a new version of its flash-memory-based iPod nano featuring a larger two-inch display with 204 pixels per inch and a new user interface
featuring Cover Flow®. The new iPod nano comes in an all metal design made with anodized aluminum and polished stainless steel and has up to 24 hours of battery life. The iPod nano
includes the Click Wheel, a smaller and lighter design and brighter color screen than its predecessor, and new iPod games. The iPod nano is available in 4GB and 8GB configurations and in a variety of
colors.
iPod® classic
In
September 2007, the Company introduced the new iPod classic. The iPod classic is an upgraded version of the original iPod, the Company's hard-drive based portable digital music
player. The iPod classic is available in an 80GB model capable of holding up to 20,000 songs or 100 hours of video and a 160GB model capable of holding up to 40,000 songs or 200 hours of
video. The iPod classic features up to 40 hours of battery life and includes a new all-metal enclosure and a 2.5-inch color screen that can display album artwork,
photos, and video content including music videos, video and audio podcasts, short films, television shows, movies, and games.
iPod® touch
In
September 2007, the Company introduced the iPod touch, a new flash-memory-based iPod that is 8 mm thin and features the Company's Multi-Touch user interface on a
3.5-inch widescreen display. The iPod touch includes Wi-Fi wireless networking and additional applications such as Safari, Google Search or Yahoo! oneSearch, and
the new iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store. The iPod touch is available in 8GB and 16 GB configurations and features up to 22 hours of audio playback and up to five hours of video
playback. The iPod touch's user interface is based on the Multi-Touch display allowing users to control the device with a touchscreen.
iTunes® 7
iTunes
is a digital media player application for playing, downloading, and organizing digital music and video files. iTunes is available for both Mac and Windows-based computers. Within iTunes, the
user can connect to the iTunes Store, a service that allows customers to find, purchase, and download third-party digital music, audio books, music videos, short films, television shows
and movies, and iPod games. In
5
September 2007,
the Company introduced the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store offering users the ability to browse, search, preview, purchase, and download songs and albums from their iPod
touch or iPhone over a Wi-Fi network. Customers can search the contents of the store catalog to locate works by title, artist, or album, or browse the entire contents of the store by
genre. Originally introduced in the U.S. in April 2003, the iTunes Store now serves customers in 22 countries.
iPhone
In
January 2007, the Company announced iPhone, a handheld device that combines in a single product a mobile phone, a widescreen iPod
with touch controls, and an Internet communications device. iPhone's user interface is based on the Multi-Touch display allowing users to control the device with a touchscreen. iPhone
lets users make calls by tapping on a name or number in their address book, a favorites list, or a call log as well as select and listen to voicemail messages in any order. iPhone also allows users to
purchase and download songs and albums from the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store directly onto their iPhone and play their iTunes® content, including movies, television shows, music,
photos and podcasts, with the touch of a finger. iPhone features desktop-class email, web browsing, searching, and maps. iPhone is compatible with a Mac or PC and automatically syncs content from a
user's iTunes library, as well as contacts, bookmarks, and email accounts. iPhone is a quad-band GSM phone featuring EDGE and Wi-Fi wireless technologies for data networking,
Bluetooth 2.0, a built-in 2 megapixel camera, a 3.5-inch touch screen with 480-by-320 resolution at 160 pixels per inch, and providing up
to 8 hours of talk time, 6 hours of Internet use, 7 hours of video playback or 24 hours of audio playback. AT&T Mobility LLC ("AT&T") is the exclusive
U.S. cellular network carrier for iPhone. The Company began shipping iPhone in the U.S. on June 29, 2007. On November 9, 2007, the Company began shipping iPhone in the U.K. and
Germany, and expects to ship the iPhone in France on November 29, 2007. O2 Limited ("O2"), T-Mobile International AG & Co. KG ("T-Mobile"), and France
Telecom ("Orange") are the exclusive cellular network carriers for iPhone in the U.K., Germany, and France, respectively. The Company has entered into agreements with each exclusive cellular network
carrier related to cellular network services and the purchase and sale of iPhone and iPhone related products. These agreements entitle the Company to receive certain payments from these carriers.
In
addition to the Company's own iPhone accessories, third-party iPhone compatible products are available, either through the Company's online and retail stores or from third parties, including
headsets, cables and docks, power supplies, and carrying cases.
Peripheral Products
The Company sells a variety of Apple-branded and third-party Mac-compatible peripheral products directly to end-users through its retail and online
stores, including printers, storage devices, computer memory, digital video and still cameras, and various other computing products and supplies.
Displays
The
Company manufactures a family of widescreen flat panel displays including the 30-inch Apple Cinema HD Display, a widescreen active-matrix LCD with
2560-by-1600 pixel resolution, the 23-inch Apple Cinema HD Display with 1920-by-1200 pixel resolution and the
20-inch Apple Cinema Display® with 1680-by-1050 pixel resolution. These displays feature built-in dual FireWire and dual USB 2.0
ports and use the industry standard DVI interface for a pure digital connection with the Company's latest Mac Pro, MacBook Pro, Mac mini and MacBook systems. The Cinema Displays feature an aluminum
design with a thin bezel, suspended by an aluminum stand that allows viewing angle adjustment.
Apple TV
In
January 2007, the Company announced Apple TV, a device that permits users to wirelessly play iTunes content on a widescreen television. Compatible with a Mac or Windows-based computer, Apple
TV includes either a 40GB or 160GB hard drive capable of storing up to 200 hours of video, 36,000 songs,
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25,000
photos, or a combination of each and is capable of displaying content in high definition resolution up to 720p. Apple TV connects to a broad range of widescreen televisions and home theater
systems and comes standard with high-definition multimedia interface, component video, and both analog and digital optical audio ports. Using high-speed AirPort®
802.11n wireless networking, Apple TV can auto-sync content from one computer or stream content from up to five additional computers directly to a television. The Company began shipping
Apple TV in March 2007.
Software Products and Computer Technologies
The Company offers a range of software products for education, creative professional, consumer, business and government customers, including Mac OS X, the
Company's proprietary operating system software for the Mac; server software and related solutions; professional application software; and consumer, education, and business oriented application
software.
Operating System Software
Mac OS® X
is built on an open-source UNIX-based foundation. Mac OS X Leopard is the sixth major release of Mac OS X and
became available in October 2007. Leopard includes 300 new features and introduces a new desktop with Stacks, a new way to easily access files from the Dock; a redesigned Finder
that lets users quickly browse and share files between multiple Macs; Quick Look, a new way to instantly see files without opening an application; Spaces, an intuitive new feature used to
create groups of applications and instantly switch between them; and Time Machine, an effortless way to automatically back up everything on a Mac.
Application Software
iLife® '08
In
August 2007, the Company introduced iLife '08, the latest release of its consumer-oriented digital lifestyle application suite, which features iPhoto®, iDVD®,
GarageBand®, iWeb, iTunes® and iMovie® '08. All of these applications are Universal, meaning that they run natively on both Intel and
PowerPC-based Mac computers ("Universal").
iPhoto®
is the Company's consumer-oriented digital photo software application. iPhoto '08 adds new features for organizing and browsing photos, including event-based grouping, new
professional quality image editing tools, and enables publishing to .Mac Web Gallery. .Mac Web Gallery, is fully integrated with iPhoto '08 and iMovie '08, allowing .Mac users to share
photos and movies over the web. iPhoto '08 features print, photo book, greeting card, and calendar layout tools and integrated online ordering services.
iMovie® '08
is a new version of the Company's consumer-oriented digital video editing software application. iMovie® '08 provides new tools for quick movie
creation and video enhancements, including transitions, titles, music and sound effects. Projects in iMovie® '08 can also be published to .Mac Web Gallery.
iDVD®
is the Company's consumer-oriented software application that enables users to turn iMovie files, QuickTime® files, and digital pictures into interactive DVDs that can be
played on most consumer DVD players. iDVD '08 features 10 new Apple-designed menu themes in both widescreen (16:9) and standard (4:3) formats.
GarageBand®
is the Company's consumer-oriented music creation software application that allows users to play, record and create music using a simple interface. With GarageBand, software
instruments, digital audio recordings and looping tracks can be arranged and edited to create songs. GarageBand '08 allows users to export finished songs to their iTunes library, or publish a
podcast through iWeb and .Mac that includes artwork, sound effects, and music jingles.
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iWeb
allows users to create online photo albums, blogs and podcasts, and to customize websites using editing tools. iWeb'08 offers new features to make websites more interactive by adding
live web widgets, which are snippets of live content from other websites, such as Google Maps, targeted ads using Google AdSense and photos or movies from .Mac Web Galleries.
iLife '08
also includes iTunes®, the Company's digital music jukebox software application that allows users to purchase a variety of digital content available through the Company's
iTunes Store. iTunes organizes content using searching, browsing, and playlists, and provides integration with the complete family of iPods and iPhone.
iWork '08
In
August 2007, the Company introduced iWork '08, a new version of the Company's integrated productivity suite designed to help users create, present, and publish documents,
presentations and spreadsheets. iWork '08 includes updates to Pages® '08 for word processing and page layout, Keynote® '08 for presentations, and
introduces Numbers '08 for spreadsheets. All of these programs are Universal and feature advanced image tools, including enhanced photo masking, resizable picture frames and edges, and Instant
Alpha, which easily removes the background of a photo.
Final Cut Studio® 2
In
April 2007, the Company introduced Final Cut Studio® 2, an upgraded version of the Company's video production suite designed for professionals. Final Cut Studio 2
features Final Cut Pro® 6 for video editing, DVD Studio Pro® 4 for DVD authoring, Motion 3 for real-time motion graphics,
Soundtrack® Pro 2 for audio editing and sound design, Color for color grading and finishing, and Compressor 3 for encoding media in multiple formats. All of these
applications are Universal. The Company also offers Final Cut Express HD 3.5, a consumer version of the Company's movie making software.
Logic® Studio
In
September 2007, the Company introduced Logic Studio, a comprehensive suite of professional tools used by musicians and professionals to create, perform, and record music. Logic Studio
features Logic® Pro 8, an upgraded version of the Company's music creation and audio production software; MainStage, a new live performance application;
Soundtrack® Pro 2, a professional audio post production software; Studio Instruments, made up of 40 instrument plug-ins; Studio Effects, with 80 professional effect
plug-ins; and studio Sound Library. In addition, the Company offers Logic® Express 8, a standalone version of the Logic® Pro 8 application that
provides an easy entry into professional music production. All of these applications are Universal.
FileMaker® Pro
The
FileMaker Pro database software is Universal and offers relational databases and desktop-to-web publishing capabilities. In July 2007, the Company introduced
FileMaker Pro 9 featuring a new Quick Start screen, which stores users' favorites and gives them access to the new videos in the FileMaker Learning Center; Conditional Formatting, which
highlights data based on parameters the user sets; and the ability to email a link to other FileMaker users to instantly access a database.
Internet Software and Services
The Company is focused on delivering seamless integration with and access to the Internet throughout the Company's products and services. The Company's Internet solutions
adhere to many industry standards to provide an optimized user experience.
Safari
In
October 2007, the Company made available Safari 3, a web browser compatible with Windows XP, Windows Vista and Mac OS X. Safari 3 includes
built-in Google search; SnapBack to instantly return to
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search
results; a way to name, organize and present bookmarks; tabbed browsing; and automatic "pop-up" ad blocking.
QuickTime®
QuickTime,
the Company's multimedia software for Mac or Windows-based computers, features streaming of live and stored video and audio over the Internet and playback of high-quality audio
and video on computers. QuickTime 7 features H.264 encoding and can automatically determine a user's connection speed to ensure they are getting the highest-quality content stream possible.
QuickTime 7 also delivers multi-channel audio and supports audio formats, including AIFF, WAV, MOV, MP4 (AAC only), CAF, and AAC/ADTS.
The
Company offers several other QuickTime products. QuickTime 7 Pro, a suite of software tools, allows creation and editing of Internet-ready audio and video files. QuickTime 7 Pro
allows users to create H.264 video, capture audio and video, create multi-channel audio, and export multiple files while playing back or editing video.
.Mac®
The
Company's .Mac offering is a suite of Internet services that for an annual fee provides Mac users with a powerful set of Internet tools. .Mac services include: internet message access protocol
("IMAP") mail, an ad-free email service; website hosting for publishing web sites from iWeb; iDisk, a virtual hard drive accessible anywhere with Internet access; .Mac Sync, which keeps
Safari bookmarks, iCal® calendars, Address Book information, Keychain®, and Mac OS X Mail preferences up-to-date across multiple Mac computers; and
Groups which allows people to use a group email list and website. The current version of .Mac provides combined iDisk and email storage of up to 10GB for individuals and 20GB for families. In
August 2007, the Company announced updates to its .Mac online service, including .Mac Web Gallery, a new service for .Mac members to share photos and movies on the Internet. .Mac Web Gallery
lets members share photos and movies directly from iLife '08 with anyone on a Mac, PC or iPhone.
Wireless Connectivity and Networking
AirPort Extreme®
AirPort
Extreme is the Company's wireless networking technology. AirPort Extreme Base Station includes 802.11n Wi-Fi wireless networking and supports up to 50 users. Air Port Extreme
operates at either 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz frequencies, providing compatibility with most Wi-Fi devices. The current AirPort Extreme Base Station works with both Mac and Windows
computers, includes multiple Gigabit Ethernet ports and supports USB printer sharing to allow multiple users to wirelessly share USB printers connected directly to the base station. All Macs have
either built-in or optional wireless networking client hardware and software that communicates with Airport Extreme or Airport Express Base Stations.
AirPort® Express®
AirPort
Express is the first 802.11g standard mobile base station that can be plugged directly into the wall for wireless Internet connections and USB printing. Airport Express also features analog
and digital audio outputs that can be connected to a stereo and AirTunes music networking software that works with iTunes, giving users a way to wirelessly stream iTunes music from their
Mac or Windows-based computer to any room in the house. AirPort Express features a single piece design weighing 6.7 ounces.
Product Support and Services
AppleCare® offers a range of support options for the Company's customers. These options include assistance that is built into software products, printed and
electronic product manuals, online support including comprehensive product information as well as technical assistance, and the AppleCare
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Protection
Plan. The AppleCare Protection Plan is a fee-based service that typically includes three years of phone support and hardware repairs, dedicated web-based support
resources, and user diagnostic tools.
Markets and Distribution
The Company's customers are primarily in the education, creative professional, consumer, and business markets. The Company distributes its products through wholesalers,
resellers, national and regional retailers and cataloguers. No individual customer accounted for more than 10% of net sales in 2007, 2006, or 2005. The Company also sells many of its products and
resells certain third-party products in most of its major markets directly to consumers, education customers, and businesses through its own sales force and retail and online stores.
Competition
The Company is confronted by aggressive competition in all areas of its business. The markets for consumer electronics, personal computers, related software and peripheral
products, digital music devices and related services, and mobile communication devices are highly competitive. These markets are characterized by rapid technological advances in both hardware and
software that have substantially increased the capabilities and use of personal computers, other digital electronic devices, and mobile communication devices that have resulted in the frequent
introduction of new products with competitive price, feature, and performance characteristics. Over the past several years, price competition in these markets has been particularly intense. The
Company's competitors who sell personal computers based on other operating systems have aggressively cut prices and lowered their product margins to gain or maintain market share. The Company's
financial condition and operating results can be adversely affected by these and other industry-wide downward pressures on gross margins. The principal competitive factors include price,
product features, relative price/performance, product quality and reliability, design innovation, availability of software and peripherals, marketing and distribution capability, service and support,
and corporate reputation. Further, as the personal computer industry and its customers place more reliance on the Internet, an increasing number of Internet devices that are smaller, simpler, and less
expensive than traditional personal computers may compete for market share with the Company's products.
The
Company's music products and services have faced significant competition from other companies promoting their own digital music and content products and services, including those offering free
peer-to-peer music and video services. The Company believes it currently retains a competitive advantage by offering superior innovation and integration of the entire solution
including the hardware (personal computer and iPod), software (iTunes), and distribution of content (iTunes Store and iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store). However, the Company expects competition in
this space to intensify as competitors attempt to imitate the Company's approach to tightly integrating these elements within their own offerings or, alternatively, collaborate with each other to
offer solutions that are more integrated than those they currently offer. Some of these current and potential competitors have substantial resources and may be able to provide such products and
services at little or no profit or even at a loss to compete with the Company's offerings.
The
Company is currently focused on market opportunities related to mobile communication devices including the iPhone. The mobile communications industry is highly competitive with several large,
well-funded, and experienced competitors. The Company faces competition from mobile communication device companies that may attempt to imitate some of the iPhone's functions and
applications within their own smart phones. This industry is characterized by aggressive pricing practices, frequent product introductions, evolving design approaches and technologies, rapid adoption
of technological and product advancements by competitors, and price sensitivity on the part of consumers.
The
Company's future financial condition and operating results are substantially dependent on the Company's ability to continue to develop improvements to the Mac platform and to the Company's
10
hardware,
software and services related to consumer electronic devices, including iPods, and mobile communication devices, including iPhone.
Raw Materials
Although most components essential to the Company's business are generally available from multiple sources, certain key components including, but not limited to,
microprocessors, enclosures, certain LCDs, certain optical drives, and application-specific integrated circuits ("ASICs") are currently obtained by the Company from single or limited sources. Some key
components, while currently available to the Company from multiple sources, are at times subject to industry-wide availability constraints and pricing pressures. In addition, the Company
uses some components uncommon to the rest of the personal computer, consumer electronics and mobile communication industries, and new products introduced by the Company often initially utilize custom
components obtained from only one source until the Company has evaluated whether there is a need for, and subsequently qualifies, additional suppliers. If the supply of a key or single-sourced
component to the Company were to be delayed or curtailed or in the event a key manufacturing vendor delayed shipment of completed products to the Company, the Company's ability to ship related
products in desired
quantities and in a timely manner could be adversely affected. The Company's business and financial performance could also be adversely affected depending on the time required to obtain sufficient
quantities from the original source, or to identify and obtain sufficient quantities from an alternative source. Continued availability of these components may be affected if suppliers were to decide
to concentrate on the production of common components instead of components customized to meet the Company's requirements. The Company attempts to mitigate these potential risks by working closely
with these and other key suppliers on product introduction plans, strategic inventories, coordinated product introductions, and internal and external manufacturing schedules and levels. Consistent
with industry practice, the Company acquires components through a combination of formal purchase orders, supplier contracts, and open orders based on projected demand information. The Company's
purchase commitments typically cover its requirements for periods ranging from 30 to 150 days.
The
Company believes there are several component suppliers and manufacturing vendors whose loss to the Company could have a material adverse effect upon the Company's business and financial condition.
At this time, such vendors include Agere Systems, Inc., Ambit Microsystems Corporation, Amperex Technology Limited, ASUSTeK Corporation, ATI Technologies, Inc., Atheros
Communications Inc., AU Optronics Corporation, Broadcom Corporation, Chi Mei Optoelectronics Corporation, Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, Hon Hai
Precision Industry Co., Ltd., Infineon Technologies AG, Intel Corporation, Inventec Appliances Corporation, LG. Phillips Co., Ltd., Matsushita, Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd.,
National Semiconductor Corporation, NVIDIA Corp., Inc., Quanta Computer, Inc., Renesas Semiconductor Co. Ltd., Samsung Electronics, Sony Corporation, Synaptics, Inc., Texas
Instruments, and Toshiba Corporation. Certain of these vendors are the sole-sourced supplier of components and manufacturing outsourcing for many of the Company's key products, including
but not limited to, assembly of most of the Company's portable Mac computers, iPods, and iPhones.
Research and Development
Because the personal computer, consumer electronics, and mobile communication industries are characterized by rapid technological advances, the Company's ability to compete
successfully is heavily dependent upon its ability to ensure a continual and timely flow of competitive products, services, and technologies to the marketplace. The Company continues to develop new
products and technologies and to enhance existing products in the areas of computer hardware and peripherals, consumer electronics products, mobile communication devices, system software, applications
software, networking and communications software and solutions, and Internet services and solutions. The Company may expand the range of its product offerings and intellectual property through
licensing and/or acquisition of third-party business and technology. The Company's research and development expenditures totaled $782 million, $712 million, and $535 million in
2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively.
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Patents, Trademarks, Copyrights and Licenses
The Company currently holds rights to patents and copyrights relating to certain aspects of its computer systems, iPods, iPhone, peripherals, software, and services. In
addition, the Company has registered, and/or has applied to register, trademarks and service marks in the U.S. and a number of foreign countries for "Apple," the Apple logo, "Macintosh," "Mac,"
"iPod," "iTunes," "iTunes Store," "iPhone," and numerous other trademarks and service marks. Although the Company believes the ownership of such patents, copyrights, trademarks and service marks is an
important factor in its business and that its success does depend in part on the ownership thereof, the Company relies primarily on the innovative skills, technical competence, and marketing abilities
of its personnel.
Many
of the Company's products are designed to include intellectual property obtained from third-parties. While it may be necessary in the future to seek or renew licenses relating to various aspects
of its products and business methods, the Company believes, based upon past experience and industry practice, such licenses generally could be obtained on commercially reasonable terms; however, there
is no guarantee that such licenses could be obtained at all. Because of technological changes in the computer industry, current extensive patent coverage, and the rapid rate of issuance of new
patents, it is possible certain components of the Company's products and business methods may unknowingly infringe existing patents or intellectual property rights of others. From time to time, the
Company has been notified that it may be infringing certain patents or other intellectual property rights of third-parties.
Foreign and Domestic Operations and Geographic Data
The U.S. represents the Company's largest geographic marketplace. Approximately 60% of the Company's net sales in 2007 came from sales to customers inside the U.S. Final
assembly of products sold by the Company is currently performed in the Company's manufacturing facility in Cork, Ireland, and by external vendors in Fremont, California; Fullerton, California; Taiwan;
the Republic of Korea ("Korea"); the People's Republic of China ("China"); and the Czech Republic. Currently, the supply and manufacture of many critical components used in the Company's products is
performed by sole-sourced third-party vendors in the U.S., China, Japan, Korea, and Singapore. Final assembly of substantially all of the Company's portable products, including MacBook
Pro, MacBook, iPod, and iPhone, is performed by sole-sourced third-party vendors in China. Margins on sales of the Company's products in foreign countries, and on sales of products that
include components obtained from foreign suppliers, can be adversely affected by foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and by international trade regulations, including tariffs and antidumping
penalties.
Information
regarding financial data by geographic segment is set forth in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K and in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements at
Note 9, "Segment Information and Geographic Data."
Seasonal Business
The Company has historically experienced increased net sales in its first and fourth fiscal quarters compared to other quarters in its fiscal year due to seasonal demand
related to the holiday season and the beginning of the school year. This historical pattern should not be considered a reliable indicator of the Company's future net sales or financial performance.
Warranty
The Company offers a basic limited parts and labor warranty on most of its hardware products, including Mac computers, iPods and iPhones. The basic warranty period is typically
one year from the date of purchase by the end-user. The Company also offers a 90-day basic warranty for its service parts used to repair the Company's hardware products. In
addition, consumers may purchase extended service coverage on most of the Company's hardware products in all of its major markets.
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Backlog
In the Company's experience, the actual amount of product backlog at any particular time is not a meaningful indication of its future business prospects. In particular, backlog
often increases in anticipation of or immediately following new product introductions as dealers anticipate shortages. Backlog is often reduced once dealers and customers believe they can obtain
sufficient supply. Because of the foregoing, backlog should not be considered a reliable indicator of the Company's ability to achieve any particular level of revenue or financial performance.
Environmental Laws
Compliance with federal, state, local, and foreign laws enacted for the protection of the environment has to date had no material effect on the Company's capital expenditures,
earnings, or competitive position. In the future, these laws could have a material adverse effect on the Company.
Production
and marketing of products in certain states and countries may subject the Company to environmental and other regulations including, in some instances, the requirement to provide customers
the ability to return product at the end of its useful life, and place responsibility for environmentally safe disposal or recycling with the Company. Such laws and regulations have recently been
passed in several jurisdictions in which the Company operates including various countries within Europe and Asia, certain Canadian provinces and certain states within the U.S. Although the Company
does not anticipate any material adverse effects in the future based on the nature of its operations and the thrust of such laws, there is no assurance that such existing laws or future laws will not
have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition or operating results.
Employees
As of September 29, 2007, the Company had approximately 21,600 full-time equivalent employees and an additional 2,100 temporary equivalent employees and
contractors.
Available Information
The Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments
to reports filed pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Such reports and
other information filed by the Company with the SEC are available on the Company's website at http://www.apple.com/investor when such reports are available on the SEC website. The public may read and
copy any materials filed by the Company with the SEC at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Room 1580, Washington, DC 20549. The public may obtain
information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy, and
information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. The contents of these websites are not incorporated into this filing.
Further, the Company's references to the URLs for these websites are intended to be inactive textual references only.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Because of the following factors, as well as other factors affecting the Company's financial condition and operating results, past financial performance should not be
considered to be a reliable indicator of future performance, and investors should not use historical trends to anticipate results or trends in future periods.
The matters relating to the Company's past stock option practices and the restatement of the Company's consolidated financial statements may result in additional litigation and
government enforcement actions.
The findings from the Company's investigation into its past stock option granting practices and the resulting restatement of prior financial statements in its 2006
Form 10-K have exposed the Company to greater risks associated with litigation, regulatory proceedings and government enforcement actions. As
13
described
in Part I, Item 3, "Legal Proceedings," several derivative complaints and a class action complaint have been filed in state and federal courts against the Company and certain
current and former directors and executive officers pertaining to allegations relating to past stock option grants. The Company has provided the results of its investigation to the SEC and the United
States Attorney's Office for the Northern District of California, and the Company has responded to their requests for documents and additional information. The Company intends to continue to provide
its full cooperation.
On
April 24, 2007, the SEC filed an enforcement action against two former officers of the Company. In announcing the lawsuit, the SEC stated that it would not bring an enforcement action
against the Company based in part on the Company's "swift, extensive, and extraordinary cooperation in the Commission's investigation." According to the SEC's statement, the Company's "cooperation
consisted of, among other things, prompt self-reporting, an independent internal investigation, the sharing of the results of that investigation with the government, and the implementation
of new controls designed to prevent the recurrence of fraudulent conduct."
No
assurance can be given regarding the outcomes from litigation, regulatory proceedings, or government enforcement actions relating to the Company's past stock option practices. These and related
matters have required, and will continue to require, the Company to incur substantial expenses for legal, accounting, tax, and other professional services, and may divert management's attention from
the Company's business. If the Company is subject to adverse findings, it could be required to pay damages and penalties and might face additional remedies that could harm its financial condition and
operating results.
Global markets for personal computers, digital music devices, mobile communication devices, and related peripherals and services are highly competitive and subject to rapid
technological change. If the Company is unable to compete effectively in these markets, its financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely affected.
The Company competes in global markets that are highly competitive and characterized by aggressive price cutting, with its resulting downward pressure on gross margins,
frequent introduction of new products and products, short product life cycles, evolving industry standards, continual improvement in product price/performance characteristics, rapid adoption of
technological and product advancements by competitors, and price sensitivity on the part of consumers.
The
Company's ability to compete successfully depends heavily on its ability to ensure a continuing and timely introduction of new innovative products and technologies to the marketplace. The Company
believes it is unique in that it designs and develops virtually the entire solution for its personal computers, consumer electronics, and mobile communication devices, including the hardware,
operating system, several software applications, and related services. As a result, the Company must make significant investments in research and development. By contrast, many of the Company's
competitors seek to compete aggressively on price and maintain very low cost structures. If the Company is unable to continue to develop and sell innovative new products with attractive margins, its
financial condition and operating results may be materially adversely affected.
In
the market for personal computers and peripherals, the Company faces a significant number of competitors, many of which have broader product lines and larger installed customer bases. There has
also been a trend toward consolidation that has resulted in larger and potentially stronger competitors. Price competition has been particularly intense as competitors selling Windows-based personal
computers have aggressively cut prices and lowered product margins. The Company also faces increased competition in certain of its key market segments, including consumer, education, professional and
consumer digital video editing, and design and publishing. An increasing number of Internet devices that include software applications and are smaller and simpler than traditional personal computers
compete for market share with the Company's existing products.
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The
Company is currently the only maker of hardware using the Mac OS. The Mac OS has a minority market share in the personal computer market, which is dominated by makers of computers using competing
operating systems, most notably Windows. The Company's financial condition and operating results substantially depend on its ability to continually develop improvements to the Mac platform to maintain
perceived design and functional advantages. Use of unauthorized copies of the Mac OS on other companies' hardware products may result in decreased demand for the Company's hardware products, and
materially adversely affect its financial condition and operating results.
The
Company is currently focused on opportunities related to digital content distribution, consumer electronic devices, including iPod and Apple TV, and mobile communication devices, including iPhone.
The Company faces substantial competition from companies that have significant technical, marketing, distribution, and other resources, as well as established hardware, software, and digital content
supplier relationships, and also competes with illegitimate ways to obtain digital content. The Company expects competition to intensify as competitors attempt to imitate the Company's approach to
providing these components seamlessly within their individual offerings or work collaboratively to offer integrated solutions. Some current and potential competitors have substantial resources and
experience, and they may be able to provide such products and services at little or no profit or even at a loss. There can be no assurance the Company will be able to continue to provide products and
services that effectively compete.
To remain competitive and stimulate customer demand, the Company must successfully manage frequent product introductions and transitions.
Due to the highly volatile and competitive nature of the personal computer, consumer electronics and mobile communication industries, the Company must continually introduce new
products and technologies, enhance existing products, and effectively stimulate customer demand for new and upgraded products. The success of new product introductions depends on a number of factors,
including timely and successful completion of development efforts, market acceptance, the Company's ability to manage the risks associated with new products and production ramp issues, the
availability of application software for new products, the effective management of purchase commitments and inventory levels in line with anticipated product demand, the availability of products in
appropriate quantities and costs to meet anticipated demand, and the risk that new products may have quality or
other defects in the early stages of introduction. Accordingly, the Company cannot determine in advance the ultimate effect new product introductions and transitions will have on financial condition
and operating results.
The Company faces substantial inventory and other asset risk.
The Company records a write-down for product and component inventories that have become obsolete or are in excess of anticipated demand or net realizable value and
accrues necessary reserves for cancellation fees for orders of products and components that have been cancelled. The Company also reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever
events or changed circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If the Company determines that impairment exists, it records a write-down equal to the
amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds its fair market value. Although the Company believes its inventory, asset, and related provisions are currently adequate, given the rapid and
unpredictable pace of product obsolescence in the global personal computer, consumer electronics, and mobile communication industries, no assurance can be given that the Company will not incur
additional inventory or asset related charges. Such charges have had, and may have, a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and operating results.
The
Company must order components for its products and build inventory in advance of product announcements and shipments. Because the Company's markets are volatile, competitive and subject to rapid
technology and price changes, there is a risk the Company will forecast incorrectly and order or produce excess or insufficient inventories of components or products. Consistent with industry
practice, components are normally acquired through a combination of purchase orders, supplier contracts, and open orders based on projected demand. Such purchase commitments typically cover forecasted
component and
15
manufacturing
requirements for 30 to 150 days. The Company's financial condition and operating results have been in the past and may in the future be materially adversely affected by the
Company's ability to manage its inventory levels and respond to short-term shifts in customer demand patterns.
Future operating results depend upon the Company's ability to obtain key components, including microprocessors and NAND flash memory, at favorable prices and in sufficient
quantities.
Because the Company currently obtains certain key components, including microprocessors, enclosures, certain LCDs, certain optical drives, and application-specific integrated
circuits ("ASICs"), from single or limited sources, the Company is subject to significant supply and pricing risks. Many of these and other key components that are available from multiple sources,
including NAND flash memory, DRAM memory, and certain LCDs, are subject at times to industry-wide shortages and significant commodity pricing fluctuations. The Company has entered into
certain agreements for the supply of critical components at favorable pricing, but there is no guarantee that the Company will be
able to extend or renew these agreements on favorable terms upon expiration or otherwise obtain favorable pricing in the future. Therefore, the Company remains subject to significant risks of supply
shortages and/or price increases that can have a material adverse effect on its financial condition and operating results. The Company expects to experience decreases in its gross margin percentage in
fiscal year 2008, as compared to levels achieved during fiscal year 2007, due in part to current and expected future price increases for certain components. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsGross Margin."
The
Company's new products often use custom components from only one source until the Company has evaluated whether there is a need for, and subsequently qualifies, additional suppliers. Where a
component or product uses new technologies, initial capacity constraints may exist until the suppliers' yields have matured. The Company and other producers in the personal computer, consumer
electronics and mobile communication industries also compete for various components with other industries that have experienced increased demand for their products. The Company uses some custom
components that are not common to the rest of the personal computer, consumer electronics or mobile communication industries. Continued availability of these components at acceptable prices may be
affected if producers decide to concentrate on the production of components other than those customized to meet the Company's requirements. If the supply of a key component for a new or existing
product were delayed or constrained, or if such components were available only at significantly higher prices, the Company's financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely
affected.
The Company depends on component and product manufacturing and logistics services provided by third parties, many of whom are located outside of the U.S.
Most of the Company's components and products are manufactured in whole or in part by third-party manufacturers, most of which are located outside of the U.S. A significant
concentration of this outsourced manufacturing is currently performed by only a few third-party manufacturers, often in single locations. The Company has also outsourced much of its transportation and
logistics management. While these arrangements may lower operating costs, they also reduce the Company's direct control over production and distribution. It is uncertain what effect such diminished
control will have on the quality or quantity of products or services, or the Company's flexibility to respond to changing conditions. In addition, the Company relies on third-party manufacturers to
adhere to the Company's supplier code of conduct. Although arrangements with such manufacturers may contain provisions for warranty expense reimbursement, the Company may remain responsible to the
consumer for warranty service in the event of product defects. Any unanticipated product defect or warranty liability, whether pursuant to arrangements with contract manufacturers or otherwise, could
have a material adverse effect on the Company's reputation, financial condition and operating results.
Final
assembly of the Company's products is currently performed in the Company's manufacturing facility in Cork, Ireland, and by external vendors in California, Korea, China and the Czech Republic.
Currently,
16
the
supply and manufacture of many critical components is performed by sole-sourced third-party vendors in the U.S., China, Japan, Korea, and Singapore. Sole-sourced third-
party vendors in China perform final assembly of substantially all of the Company's portable products, including MacBook Pros, MacBooks, iPods and iPhones. If manufacturing or logistics in these
locations is disrupted for any reason, including natural disasters, information technology system failures, military actions or economic, business, labor, environmental, public health, or political
issues, the Company's financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely affected.
The Company relies on third-party digital content, which may not be available to the Company on commercially reasonable terms or at all.
The Company contracts with third parties to offer their digital content through the Company's iTunes Store. The Company pays substantial fees to obtain the rights to this
content. The Company's licensing arrangements with these third parties are short-term and do not guarantee the continuation or renewal of these arrangements on reasonable terms, if at all.
Some third-party content providers currently or may in the future offer competing products and services, and could take action to make it more difficult or impossible for the Company to license their
content in the future. Other content owners, providers or distributors may seek to limit the Company's access to, or increase the total cost of, such content. If the Company is unable to continue to
offer a wide variety of content at reasonable prices with acceptable usage rules, or continue to expand its geographic reach, the Company's financial condition and operating results may be materially
adversely affected.
Many
third-party content providers require that the Company provide certain digital rights management ("DRM") and other security solutions. If these requirements change, the Company may have to
develop or license new technology to provide these solutions. There is no assurance the Company will be able to develop or license such solutions at a reasonable cost and in a timely manner. In
addition, certain countries have passed or may propose legislation that would force the Company to license its DRM, which could lessen the protection of content and subject it to piracy and could also
affect arrangements with the Company's content providers.
The Company relies on access to third-party patents and intellectual property, and the Company's future results could be materially adversely affected if it is alleged
or found to have infringed intellectual property rights.
Many of the Company's products are designed to include third-party intellectual property, and it may be necessary in the future to seek or renew licenses relating to various
aspects of its products and business methods. Although the Company believes that, based on past experience and industry practice,
such licenses generally could be obtained on commercially reasonable terms, there is no assurance that the necessary licenses would be available on acceptable terms or at all.
Because
of technological changes in the global personal computer, consumer electronics and mobile communication industries, current extensive patent coverage, and the rapid issuance of new patents, it
is possible that certain components of the Company's products and business methods may unknowingly infringe the patents or other intellectual property rights of third parties. From time to time, the
Company has been notified that it may be infringing such rights. Responding to such claims, regardless of their merit, can consume significant time and expense, and several pending claims are in
various stages of evaluation. In certain cases, the Company may consider the desirability of entering into licensing agreements, although no assurance can be given that such licenses can be obtained
on acceptable terms or that litigation will not occur. If there is a temporary or permanent injunction prohibiting the Company from marketing or selling certain products or a successful claim of
infringement against the Company requires it to pay royalties to a third party, the Company's financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely affected. Information regarding
certain claims and litigation related to alleged patent infringement and other matters is set forth in Part I, Item 3, "Legal Proceedings." In management's opinion, the Company does not have a
potential liability for damages or royalties from any known current legal proceedings or claims related to the infringement of patent or other intellectual property rights that would individually or
in the
17
aggregate
have a material adverse effect on its financial condition and operating results. However, the results of such legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty. Should the Company fail to
prevail in any of the matters related to infringement of patent or other intellectual property rights of others described in Part I, Item 3, "Legal Proceedings," or should several of these
matters be resolved against the Company in the same reporting period, the Company's financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely affected.
With
the June 2007 introduction of iPhone, the Company has begun to compete with mobile communication device companies that hold significant patent portfolios. Regardless of the scope or validity of
such patents or the merits of any potential patent claims by competitors, the Company may have to engage in protracted litigation, enter into expensive agreements or settlements and/or modify its
products. Any of these events could have a material adverse impact on the Company's financial condition and operating results.
The Company's products experience quality problems from time to time that can result in decreased sales and operating margin.
The Company sells highly complex hardware and software products that can contain defects in design and manufacture. Sophisticated operating system software and applications,
such as those sold by the Company, often contain "bugs" that can unexpectedly interfere with the software's operation. Defects may also occur in components and products the Company purchases from
third parties. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to detect and fix all defects in the hardware and software it sells. Failure to do so could result in lost revenue, harm to
reputation, and significant warranty and
other expenses, and could have a material adverse impact on the Company's financial condition and operating results.
The Company expects its quarterly revenue and operating results to fluctuate for a variety of reasons.
The Company's profit margins vary among its products and its distribution channels. The Company's software, accessories, and service and support contracts generally have higher
gross margins than certain of the Company's other products, including third-party content from the iTunes Store. Gross margins on the Company's hardware products vary across product lines and can
change over time as a result of product transitions, pricing and configuration changes, and component, warranty, and other cost fluctuations. The Company's direct sales generally have higher
associated gross margins than its indirect sales through its channel partners. In addition, the Company's gross margin and operating margin percentages, as well as overall profitability, may be
materially adversely impacted as a result of a shift in product, geographic or channel mix, or new product announcements. The Company generally sells more products during the third month of each
quarter than it does during either of the first two months. This sales pattern can produce pressure on the Company's internal infrastructure during the third month of a quarter and may adversely
affect the Company's ability to predict its financial results accurately. Furthermore, the Company has typically experienced greater net sales in the first and fourth fiscal quarters compared to other
quarters in the fiscal year due to seasonal demand related to the holiday season and the beginning of the school year. Developments late in a quarter, such as
lower-than-anticipated demand for the Company's products, an internal systems failure, or failure of one of the Company's key logistics, components supply, or manufacturing
partners, could have a material adverse impact on the Company's financial condition and operating results.
The Company currently relies on a single cellular network carrier for iPhone in each of the U.S., U.K., Germany and France.
AT&T, O2, T-Mobile and Orange are the Company's cellular network carriers for iPhone in the U.S., U.K., Germany and France, respectively. If these carriers cannot
successfully compete with other carriers in their markets for any reason, including but not limited to the quality and coverage of wireless voice and data services, performance and timely
build-out of advanced wireless networks, and pricing and terms of
18
end-user
contracts, iPhone sales may be adversely affected. Because the Company's agreements require each carrier to make revenue-generating payments to the Company, a carrier's
non-performance under or termination of an agreement, or its inability to attract and retain iPhone customers, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's future financial
condition and operating results. If, contrary to the Company's license agreements or product specifications, an iPhone is "unlocked" from an authorized carrier's network, the Company would not receive
payments related to that iPhone from such carrier, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's future financial condition and operating results. The Company may choose to enter into
arrangements with carriers in other countries or regions, and the same risks described above would also apply to those arrangements.
The Company is subject to risks associated with laws, regulations and industry-imposed standards related to mobile communications devices.
Laws and regulations related to mobile communications devices in the many jurisdictions in which the Company operates are extensive and subject to change. Such changes, which
could include but are not limited to restrictions on production, manufacture, distribution, and use of the device, locking the device to a carrier's network, or mandating the use of the device on more
than one carrier's network, may have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and operating results.
Mobile
communication devices, such as iPhone, are subject to certification and regulation by governmental and standardization bodies, as well as by cellular network carriers for use on their networks.
These certification processes are extensive and time consuming, and could result in additional testing requirements, product modifications or delays in product shipment dates, which may have a
material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and operating results.
Failure of information technology systems and breaches in data security could adversely affect the Company's financial condition and operating results.
Information technology system failures and breaches of data security could disrupt the Company's operations by causing delays or cancellation of customer orders, impeding the
manufacture or shipment of products, or resulting in the unintentional disclosure of customer or Company information. Management has taken steps to address these concerns by implementing sophisticated
network security and internal control measures. There can be no assurance, however, that a system failure or data security breach will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial
condition and operating results.
The Company's stock price may be volatile.
The Company's stock has at times experienced substantial price volatility as a result of variations between its actual and anticipated financial results and as a result of
announcements by the Company and its competitors. The stock market as a whole has also experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected the market price of many technology
companies in ways that may have been unrelated to these companies' operating performance. Furthermore, the Company believes its stock price reflects high future growth and profitability expectations.
If the Company fails to meet these expectations its stock price may significantly decline.
Economic conditions, political events, war, terrorism, public health issues, natural disasters and other circumstances could materially adversely affect the Company.
The Company's operations and performance depend significantly on worldwide economic conditions. War, terrorism, geopolitical uncertainties, public health issues, and other
business interruptions have caused and could cause damage or disruption to international commerce and the global economy, and thus may have a strong negative effect on the Company, its suppliers,
logistics providers, manufacturing vendors and customers. The Company's business operations are subject to interruption by natural disasters, fire, power shortages, terrorist attacks, and other
hostile acts, labor disputes, public health issues, and other events beyond its control. Such events could decrease demand for the Company's products, make it difficult or
19
impossible
for the Company to make and deliver products to its customers or to receive components from its suppliers, and create delays and inefficiencies in the Company's supply chain. Should major
public health issues, including pandemics, arise, the Company could be negatively affected by more stringent employee travel restrictions, additional limitations in freight services, governmental
actions limiting the movement of products between regions, delays in production ramps of new products, and disruptions in the operations of the Company's manufacturing vendors and component suppliers.
The majority of the Company's research and development activities, its corporate headquarters, information technology systems, and other critical business operations, including certain component
suppliers and manufacturing vendors, are located near major seismic faults. Because the Company does not carry earthquake insurance for direct quake-related losses and significant recovery time could
be required to resume operations, the Company's financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely affected in the event of a major earthquake.
The Company's success depends largely on its ability to attract and retain key personnel.
Much of the Company's future success depends on the continued service and availability of skilled personnel, including its CEO, its executive team and key employees in
technical, marketing and staff positions. Experienced personnel in the technology industry are in high demand and competition for their talents is intense, especially in the Silicon Valley, where the
majority of the Company's key employees are located. The Company has relied on equity awards as one means for recruiting and retaining this highly skilled talent. Recent accounting regulations
requiring the expensing of stock options have resulted in increased stock-based compensation expense, which has caused the Company to reduce the number of stock-based awards issued to employees. There
can be no assurance that the Company will continue to successfully attract and retain key personnel.
Unfavorable results of legal proceedings could materially adversely affect the Company.
The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that are discussed in Part I, Item 3, "Legal Proceedings." The Company is also subject to other legal
proceedings and claims that have arisen in the ordinary course of business and have not been fully adjudicated. Results of legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty. Regardless of its
merit, litigation may be both
time-consuming and disruptive to the Company's operations and cause significant expense and diversion of management attention. Should the Company fail to prevail in certain matters, or
should several of these matters be resolved against the Company in the same reporting period, the Company's financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely affected.
The Company's business is subject to the risks of international operations.
The Company derives a large portion of its revenue from its international operations. As a result, its financial condition and operating results could be significantly affected
by risks associated with international activities, including economic and labor conditions, political instability, tax laws (including U.S. taxes on foreign subsidiaries), and changes in the value of
the U.S. dollar versus local currencies. Margins on sales of the Company's products in foreign countries, and on sales of products that include components obtained from foreign suppliers, can be
materially adversely affected by foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and by international trade regulations, including tariffs and antidumping penalties.
The
Company's primary exposure to movements in foreign currency exchange rates relate to non-U.S. dollar denominated sales in Europe, Japan, Australia, Canada, and certain parts of Asia
and non-dollar denominated operating expenses incurred throughout the world. Weaknesses in foreign currencies, particularly the Japanese Yen and the Euro, can adversely affect demand for
the Company's products and the U.S. dollar value of the Company's foreign currency-denominated sales. Conversely, a strengthening in these and other foreign currencies can cause the Company to modify
international pricing and affect the value of the Company's foreign denominated sales and may also increase the cost of product components.
20
The
Company has used derivative instruments, such as foreign exchange forward and option positions, to hedge exposures to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The use of such hedging
activities may not offset more than a portion of the adverse financial effect resulting from unfavorable movements in foreign exchange rates.
Further
information related to the Company's global market risks may be found in Part II, Item 7A, "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk," under the subheading "Foreign
Currency Risk," and in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data," at Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Polices" and Note 2, "Financial Instruments"
of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Company's retail initiative has required and will continue to require a substantial investment and commitment of resources and is subject to numerous risks and
uncertainties.
Through September 29, 2007, the Company had opened 197 retail stores. The Company's retail initiative has required substantial fixed investment in equipment and
leasehold improvements, information systems, inventory, and personnel. The Company has also entered into substantial operating lease commitments for retail space with terms ranging from 5 to
20 years, the majority of which are for 10 years. Certain stores have been designed and built to serve as high-profile venues to promote brand awareness and serve as vehicles
for corporate sales and marketing activities. Because of their unique design elements, locations and size, these stores require substantially more investment than the Company's more typical retail
stores. A substantial decline in sales, the closure or poor performance of individual or multiple stores, or the termination of the retail initiative could result in significant lease termination
costs, write-offs of equipment and leasehold improvements, and severance costs that could have a material adverse impact on the Company's financial condition and operating results.
Many
factors unique to retail operations, some of which are beyond the Company's control, pose risks and uncertainties that could have a material adverse effect on the Retail segment's future results,
cause its actual results to differ from anticipated results and have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and operating results. These risks and uncertainties include, among
other things, macro-economic factors that have a negative effect on general retail activity, inability to manage costs associated with store construction and operation, inability to sell third-party
products at adequate margins, failure to manage relationships with existing retail channel partners; lack of experience in managing retail operations outside the U.S., costs associated with
unanticipated fluctuations in the value of retail inventory, and inability to obtain and renew leases in quality retail locations at a reasonable cost.
The Company's future performance depends on support from third-party software developers. If third-party software applications cease to be developed and maintained for the
Company's hardware products, customers may choose not to buy the Company's products.
The Company believes decisions by customers to purchase the Company's hardware products are often based on the availability of third-party application software, such as
Microsoft Office. There is no assurance that third-party developers will continue to develop and maintain applications for the Company's hardware products on a timely basis or at all, and
discontinuance or delay of these applications could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and operating results. The Company believes the availability of third-party
applications depends in part on the developers' perception and analysis of the relative benefits of developing, maintaining, and upgrading such software for the Company's products versus Windows-based
products. This analysis may be based on factors such as the perceived strength of the Company and its products, the anticipated revenue that may be generated, continued acceptance by customers of Mac
OS X, and the costs of developing such applications. If the Company's minority share of the global personal computer market causes developers to question the Company's prospects, developers could be
less inclined to develop or upgrade software for the Company's products and more inclined to devote their resources to developing and upgrading software for the larger Windows market. The Company's
development of its own software applications may also negatively affect
21
the
decisions of third-party developers, such as Microsoft and Adobe, to develop, maintain, and upgrade similar or competitive software for the Company's products. Mac OS X Leopard, which became
available in October 2007, includes a new feature that enables Intel-based Mac systems to run Windows XP and Windows Vista. This feature may deter developers from creating software applications
for Mac OS X if such applications are already available for the Windows platform.
During
calendar year 2006, the Company transitioned its Mac line of computers from PowerPC to Intel microprocessors. The Company depends on third-party developers to timely develop current and future
Universal applications. A Universal version of Microsoft Office and certain other important applications are currently not available. The lack of Universal applications that run on Intel-based Mac
systems could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and operating results.
Investment in new business strategies and initiatives could disrupt the Company's ongoing business and present risks not originally contemplated.
The Company has invested, and may in the future invest, in new business strategies or acquisitions. Such endeavors may involve significant risks and uncertainties, including
distraction of management from current operations, insufficient revenue to offset liabilities assumed and expenses associated with the strategy, inadequate return of capital, and unidentified issues
not discovered in the Company's due diligence. Because these new ventures are inherently risky, no assurance can be given that such strategies and initiatives will be successful and will not have a
material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and operating results.
The Company's future operating performance depends on the performance of distributors and other resellers.
The Company distributes its products through wholesalers, resellers, national and regional retailers, value-added resellers, and cataloguers, many of whom distribute products
from competing manufacturers. The Company also sells many of its products and resells third-party products in most of its major markets directly to end-users, certain education customers,
and certain resellers through its online and retail stores. iPhone is distributed through the Company and its exclusive cellular network carriers' distribution channels.
Many
resellers operate on narrow product margins and have been negatively affected in the past by weak economic conditions. Some resellers have perceived the expansion of the Company's direct sales as
conflicting with their business interests as distributors and resellers of the Company's products. Such a perception could discourage resellers from investing resources in the distribution and sale of
the Company's products or lead them to limit or cease distribution of those products. The Company's financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely affected if the financial
condition of these resellers weakens, if resellers stopped distributing the Company's products, or if uncertainty regarding demand for the Company's products caused resellers to reduce their ordering
and marketing of the Company's products. The Company has invested and will continue to invest in programs to enhance reseller sales, including staffing selected resellers' stores with Company
employees and contractors and improving product placement displays. These programs could require a substantial investment while providing no assurance of return or incremental revenue.
The Company is exposed to credit risk on its accounts receivable and prepayments related to long-term supply agreements. This risk is heightened during periods when
economic conditions worsen.
A substantial majority of the Company's outstanding trade receivables are not covered by collateral or credit insurance. The Company also has unsecured non-trade
receivables resulting from the sale by the Company of components to vendors who manufacture sub-assemblies or assemble final products for the Company. In addition, the Company has entered
into long-term supply agreements to secure supply of NAND flash-memory and has prepaid a total of $1.25 billion under these agreements, of which $208 million had been used as
of September 29, 2007. While the Company has procedures to monitor and
22
limit
exposure to credit risk on its trade and non-trade receivables as well as long-term prepayments, there can be no assurance such procedures will effectively limit its
credit risk and avoid losses.
The Company is subject to risks associated with laws and regulations related to health, safety and environmental protection.
The Company's products and services, and the production and distribution of those goods and services, are subject to a variety of laws and regulations. These may require the
Company to offer customers the ability to return a product at the end of its useful life and place responsibility for environmentally safe disposal or recycling with the Company. Such laws and
regulations have recently been passed in several jurisdictions in which the Company operates, including various countries within Europe and Asia, certain Canadian provinces and certain states within
the U.S. Although the Company does not anticipate any material adverse effects based on the nature of its operations and the thrust of such laws, there is no assurance such existing laws or future
laws will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and operating results.
Changes in the Company's tax rates could affect its future results.
The Company's future effective tax rates could be affected by changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of
deferred tax assets and liabilities, or by changes in tax laws or their interpretation. The Company is subject to the continuous examination of its income tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service
and other tax authorities. The Company regularly assesses the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of its provision for taxes. There can be no
assurance that the outcomes from these examinations will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and operating results.
The Company is subject to risks associated with the availability and coverage of insurance.
For certain risks, the Company does not maintain insurance coverage because of cost and/or availability. Because the Company retains some portion of its insurable risks, and in
some cases self-insures completely, unforeseen or catastrophic losses in excess of insured limits may have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and operating
results.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2. Properties
The Company's headquarters are located in Cupertino, California. The Company has a manufacturing facility in Cork, Ireland. As of September 29, 2007, the Company leased
approximately 3.7 million square feet of space, primarily in the U.S., and to a lesser extent, in Europe, Japan, Canada, and the Asia Pacific region. The major facility leases are generally for
terms of 3 to 15 years and generally provide renewal options for terms of 3 to 7 additional years. Leased space includes approximately 1.5 million square feet of retail space, a majority
of which is in the U.S. Lease terms for retail space range from 5 to 20 years, the majority of which are for 10 years, and often contain multi-year renewal options.
The
Company owns a 367,000 square-foot manufacturing facility in Cork, Ireland that also houses a customer support call center. The Company also owns 805,000 square feet of facilities in
Sacramento, California that include warehousing and distribution operations, as well as a customer support call center. In addition, the Company owns approximately 2.4 million square feet of
facilities for research and development and corporate functions in Cupertino, California, including approximately 1.0 million square feet purchased in 2007 and 2006 for the future development
of the Company's second corporate campus in Cupertino, California, and approximately 107,000 square feet for a data center in Newark, California. Outside the U.S., the Company owns additional
facilities totaling approximately 129,000 square feet. The
23
Company
believes its existing facilities and equipment are well maintained and in good operating condition.
The
Company has invested in internal capacity and strategic relationships with outside manufacturing vendors, and therefore believes it has adequate manufacturing capacity for the foreseeable future.
The Company continues to make investments in capital equipment as needed to meet anticipated demand for its products.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims as of September 29, 2007, the end of the annual period covered by this report, that are discussed below.
The Company is also subject to certain other legal proceedings and claims that have arisen in the ordinary course of business and
which have not been fully adjudicated. In the opinion of management, the Company does not have a potential liability related to any current legal proceedings and claims that would individually or in
the aggregate have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or operating results. However, the results of legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty. Should the Company fail to
prevail in any of these legal matters or should several of these legal matters be resolved against the Company in the same reporting period, the operating results of a particular reporting period
could be materially adversely affected. The Company settled certain matters during the fourth quarter of 2007 that did not individually or in the aggregate have a material impact on the Company's
results of operations.
Apple Computer, Inc. v. Burst.com, Inc.
The Company filed an action for declaratory judgment against defendant Burst.com, Inc. on January 4, 2006 in the United States District Court for the Northern
District of California. The Company seeks declaratory judgment that U.S. Patent Nos. 4,963,995, 5,164,839, 5,057,932 and 5,995,705 ("Burst patents") are invalid and not infringed by the Company. Burst
filed an answer and counterclaim on April 17, 2006 adding infringement allegations relating to U.S. Patent No. 5,995,705. Apple counterclaimed for declaratory judgment that each of these
patents is invalid, not infringed and unenforceable. Burst alleges that the following Apple products and services infringe the four patents at issue: iTunes Store, iPod devices, iTunes software, iLife
software (GarageBand, iMovie, iWeb) separately and in conjunction with the .Mac service and Apple computers sold with or running iTunes or iLife. The Burst patents allegedly relate to methods and
devices used for faster-than-real-time transmission of compressed audio and/or video files. The court issued its claim construction ruling on May 8, 2007.
The Company filed motions for summary judgment of invalidity on January 4, 2007 and July 13, 2007. The court held a hearing on those pending motions on September 18, 2007 and has
not issued a decision. The Company filed motions for summary judgment and partial summary judgment relating to enablement, indefiniteness and laches on October 29, 2007. Trial is set for
February 26, 2008.
Bader v. Anderson, et al.
Plaintiff filed this purported shareholder derivative action against the Company and each of its then current executive officers and members of its Board of Directors on
May 19, 2005 in Santa Clara County Superior Court asserting claims for breach of fiduciary duty, material misstatements and omissions and violations of California Business & Professions
Code §17200 (unfair competition). The complaint alleged that the Company's March 14, 2005, proxy statement was false and misleading for failure to disclose certain information
relating to the Apple Computer, Inc. Performance Bonus Plan, which was approved by shareholders at the annual meeting held on April 21, 2005. Plaintiff, who ostensibly brings suit on the
Company's behalf, made no demand on the Board of Directors and alleged that such demand was excused. The complaint sought injunctive and other relief for purported injury to the Company. On
July 27, 2005, plaintiff filed an amended complaint alleging that, in addition to the purported derivative claims, adoption of the bonus plan and distribution of the proxy statement describing
that plan also inflicted injury on her directly as an individual shareholder. On January 10, 2006, the Court sustained defendants' demurrer to
24
the
amended complaint, with leave to amend. Plaintiff filed a second amended complaint on February 7, 2006, and the Company filed a demurrer. After a hearing on June 13, 2006, the Court
sustained the demurrer without leave to amend as to the non-director officers and with leave to amend as to the directors. On July 24, 2006, plaintiff filed a third amended
complaint, which purported to bring claims derivatively as well as directly on behalf of a class of common stockholders who have been or will be harmed by virtue of the allegedly misleading proxy
statement. In addition to reasserting prior causes of action, the third amended complaint included a claim that the Company violated the terms of the plan, and a claim for waste related to restricted
stock unit grants to certain officers in 2003 and 2004 and an option grant to the Company's CEO in January 2000. The Company filed a demurrer to the third amended complaint. On
January 30, 2007, the Court sustained the Company's demurrer with leave to amend. On May 8, 2007, plaintiff filed a fourth amended complaint. The Company filed a demurrer to the fourth
amended complaint, which the court sustained, without leave to amend, on October 12, 2007. On October 25, 2007, the Court entered a final judgment in favor of defendant and ordered the
case dismissed with prejudice.
Birdsong v. Apple Computer, Inc.
This action alleges that the Company's iPod music players, and the ear bud headphones sold with them, are inherently defective in design and are sold without adequate warnings
concerning the risk of noise-induced hearing loss by iPod users. The Birdsong action was initially filed on January 30, 2006 in the United States District Court for the Western District of
Louisiana asserting Louisiana causes of action on behalf of a purported Louisiana class of iPod purchasers. A similar action (Patterson v. Apple
Computer, Inc.) was filed on January 31, 2006 in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California asserting California causes of action on
behalf of a purported class of all iPod purchasers within the four-year period before January 31, 2006. The Birdsong action was transferred to the Northern District of California,
and the Patterson action was dismissed. An amended complaint was subsequently filed in Birdsong, dropping the Louisiana law-based claims and adding California law-based claims
equivalent to those in Patterson. After the Company filed a motion to dismiss on November 3, 2006, plaintiffs agreed not to oppose the motion and filed a second amended complaint on
January 16, 2007. That complaint alleges California
law-based claims for breaches of implied and express warranties, violations of California Business & Professions Code §17200 (unfair competition), California
Business & Professions Code §17500 (false advertising), the Consumer Legal Remedies Act and negligent misrepresentation on behalf of a putative nationwide class and a Louisiana
law-based claim for redhibition for a Louisiana sub-class. On March 1, 2007, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the California law based claims. The court held a
hearing on the motion to dismiss on June 4, 2007 but has not yet issued a ruling.
A
similar complaint, Royer-Brennan v. Apple Computer, Inc. and Apple Canada, Inc., was filed in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, on
February 1, 2006, seeking authorization to institute a class action on behalf of iPod purchasers in Quebec. At the request of plaintiffs' counsel, the court has postponed class certification
proceedings in this action indefinitely.
Branning et al. v. Apple Computer, Inc.
Plaintiffs originally filed this purported class action in San Francisco County Superior Court on February 17, 2005. The initial complaint alleged violations of
California Business & Professions Code §17200 (unfair competition) and violation of the Consumer Legal Remedies Act ("CLRA") regarding a variety of purportedly unfair and unlawful
conduct including, but not limited to, allegedly selling used computers as new and failing to honor warranties. Plaintiffs also brought causes of action for misappropriation of trade secrets, breach
of contract and violation of the Song-Beverly Consumer Warranty Act. Plaintiffs requested unspecified damages and other relief. On May 9, 2005, the Court granted the Company's
motion to transfer the case to Santa Clara County Superior Court. On May 2, 2005, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint adding two new named plaintiffs and three new causes of action including
a claim for treble damages under the Cartwright Act (California Business & Professions Code §
25
16700
et seq.) and a claim for false advertising. The Company filed a demurrer to the amended complaint, which the Court sustained in its entirety on November 10, 2005. The Court granted
plaintiffs leave to amend and they filed an amended complaint on December 29, 2005. Plaintiffs' amended complaint added three plaintiffs and alleged many of the same factual claims as the
previous complaints, such as alleged selling of used equipment as new, alleged failure to honor warranties and service contracts for the consumer plaintiffs, and alleged fraud related to the opening
of the Apple retail stores. Plaintiffs continued to assert causes of action for unfair competition (§17200), violations of the CLRA, breach of contract, misappropriation of trade secrets,
violations of the Cartwright Act, and alleged new causes of action for fraud, conversion, and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. The Company filed a demurrer to the amended
complaint on January 31, 2006, which the Court sustained on March 3, 2006 on sixteen of seventeen causes of action. Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint adding one new plaintiff. The
Company filed a demurrer, which was granted in part on September 9, 2006. Plaintiffs filed a further amended complaint on September 21, 2006. On October 2, 2006, the Company filed
an answer denying all allegations and asserting numerous affirmative defenses.
European Commission Investigation
The European Commission is investigating certain matters relating to the iTunes Stores in Europe. The European Commission had previously notified the Company that it was
investigating claims made by Which?, a United Kingdom ("U.K.") consumer association, that the Company is violating EU competition law by charging more for online music in the U.K. than in Eurozone
countries and preventing U.K. consumers from purchasing online music from the iTunes Stores for Eurozone countries. The Which? claims were originally lodged with the U.K. Office of Fair Trading, which
subsequently referred them to the European Commission.
On
March 30, 2007, the European Commission issued Statements of Objections to the major record labels, Apple Inc. and iTunes S.à.r.l. In the Statements of Objections, the
Commission challenges provisions in the agreements pursuant to which each major record company authorizes iTunes S.à.r.l. to distribute digital music downloads through the iTunes Store.
The Commission contends that, because of these provisions, residents of the European Economic Area are only permitted to buy music from the iTunes Store for the country that issued the customer's
credit card. The Commission contends that these provisions are territorial sales restrictions which violate Article 81 of the European Community Treaty. The Commission seeks fines and
behavioral relief. The Company filed its responses to the Statements of Objections on June 20, 2007. A hearing on the Statements of Objections took place in Brussels, Belgium on
September 19, 2007.
Gordon v. Apple Computer, Inc.
Plaintiff filed this purported class action on August 31, 2006 in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, San Jose Division, on behalf
of a purported nationwide class of consumers who purchased 65W Power Adapters for iBooks and Powerbooks between November 2002 and the present. The complaint alleges various problems with the
65W Adapter, including fraying, sparking, and premature failure. Plaintiffs allege violations of California Business & Professions Code §17200 (unfair competition), the Consumer
Legal Remedies Act, the Song-Beverly Consumer Warranty Act and breach of warranties. The complaint seeks damages and equitable relief. The Company filed an answer on October 20,
2006 denying the material allegations and asserting numerous affirmative defenses.
Harvey v. Apple Inc.
Plaintiff filed this action on August 6, 2007 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Marshall Division, alleging infringement by the
Company of U.S. Patent No. 6,753,671 entitled "Recharger for use with a portable electronic device and which includes a proximally located light emitting
26
device" and U.S. Patent No. 6,762,584 entitled "Recharger for use with a portable electronic device and which includes a connector terminus for communicating with rechargeable batteries
contained within the device." The complaint seeks unspecified damages and other relief. The Company filed an answer on October 12, 2007 denying all material allegations and asserting numerous
affirmative defenses. The Company also asserted counterclaims for declaratory judgment of noninfringement and invalidity.
Honeywell International, Inc., et al. v. Apple Computer, Inc., et al.
Plaintiffs Honeywell International, Inc. and Honeywell Intellectual Properties, Inc. filed this action on October 6, 2004 in the United States District
Court in Delaware alleging infringement by the Company and other defendants of U.S. Patent 5,280,371 entitled "Directional Diffuser for a Liquid Crystal Display." Plaintiffs seek unspecified damages
and other relief. The Company filed an answer on December 21, 2004 denying all material allegations and asserting numerous affirmative defenses. The Company has tendered the case to several
liquid crystal display manufacturer suppliers. On May 18, 2005 the Court stayed the case against the Company and the other non-manufacturer defendants. Plaintiffs filed an amended
complaint on November 7, 2005 adding additional defendants and expanding the scope of the accused products. Given the stay, the Company's response to the amended complaint is not yet due.
In re Apple Computer, Inc. Derivative Litigation (formerly Karant v. Jobs, et al. and Related Actions) (Federal Action)
On June 30, 2006, a putative derivative action captioned Karant v. Jobs, et. al., was filed in the United States District
Court for the Northern District of California, San Jose Division. A number of related actions were filed in the subsequent weeks and have been consolidated into a single action captioned In re Apple Computer, Inc.
Derivative Litigation, Master File No. C-06-04128-JF before the Hon. Jeremy
Fogel. The actions were filed after the Company's announcement on June 29, 2006 that an internal investigation had discovered irregularities related to the issuance of certain stock option
grants made between 1997 and 2001, that a special committee of the Company's outside directors had retained independent counsel to perform an investigation and that the Company had informed the
Securities and Exchange Commission. The action purports to assert claims on behalf of the Company against several current and former executive officers and members of the Board of Directors alleging
improper backdating of stock option grants to maximize certain defendants' profits, failing to properly account for and take tax deductions for those grants, insider trading, and issuing false
financial statements. The Company is named as a nominal defendant. The consolidated complaint alleges various causes of action under federal and California law, including claims for unjust enrichment,
breach of fiduciary duty, violation of the California Corporations Code, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, rescission, constructive fraud and waste of corporate assets, as well as claims under
Sections 10(b), 14(a) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act. Plaintiffs seek damages, disgorgement, restitution and imposition of a
constructive trust. A Consolidated Shareholder Derivative Complaint was filed on December 18, 2006, and a First Amended Shareholder Derivative Complaint was filed on March 6, 2007.
Defendants filed a motion to dismiss on April 20, 2007, which was heard on September 7, 2007.
On
June 12, 2007, the Company's Board of Directors approved a resolution appointing a Special Litigation Committee to make all decisions relating to options litigation.
In re Apple Computer, Inc. Derivative Litigation (formerly Plumbers and Pipefitters v. Jobs, et al. and Related Actions) (State Action); Boston Retirement Board v. Apple
Computer, Inc.
On July 5, 2006, a putative derivative action captioned Plumbers and Pipefitters v. Jobs, et. al., was filed in
California Superior Court for the County of Santa Clara. A number of related actions were filed in the subsequent weeks, and have been consolidated into a single action captioned In re Apple Computer, Inc. Derivative
Litigation, No. 1:06CV066692, assigned to the Hon. Joseph Huber. These actions purport to assert
claims on behalf of the Company against several current and former executive officers and members of the Board of Directors alleging improper backdating of stock option grants to maximize certain
27
defendants'
profits, failing to properly account for and take tax deductions for those grants and issuing false financial statements. The Company is named as a nominal defendant. A consolidated
complaint was filed on October 5, 2006, alleging a variety of causes of action under California law, including claims for unjust enrichment, breach of fiduciary duty, violation of the
California Corporations Code, abuse of control, accounting, constructive trust, rescission, deceit, gross mismanagement and waste of corporate assets. On December 7, 2006, the Court granted the
Company's motion to stay these actions.
On
November 3, 2006, the Boston Retirement Board, a purported shareholder, filed a petition for writ of mandate against the Company in California Superior Court for the County of Santa Clara
County (Boston Retirement Board v. Apple Computer Inc.). The petition sought to compel the Company to allow inspection of certain corporate
records relating to the Company's option practices and the Special Committee's investigation. On January 16, 2007, the Company filed a demurrer to the petition. The Court entered an order
overruling the demurrer on March 13, 2007. The Company filed its answer to the petition on April 5, 2007. The trial took place on September 24, 2007. The Court granted the
petition for inspection but narrowed the scope of the records to be produced.
In re Apple iPod Nano Products Liability Litigation (formerly Wimmer v. Apple Computer, Inc.; Moschella, et al., v. Apple Computer, Inc.; Calado, et al. v. Apple Computer,
Inc.; Kahan, et al., v. Apple Computer, Inc.; Jennings, et al., v. Apple Computer, Inc.; Rappel
v. Apple Computer, Inc.; Mayo v. Apple Computer, Inc.; Valencia v. Apple Computer, Inc.;
Williamson v. Apple Computer, Inc.; Sioson v. Apple Computer, Inc.
Beginning on October 19, 2005, eight complaints were filed in various United States District Courts and two complaints were filed in California State Court alleging that
the Company's iPod nano was defectively designed so that it scratches excessively during normal use, rendering the screen unreadable.
The
federal actions were coordinated in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California and assigned to the Hon. Ronald Whyte pursuant to an April 17, 2006 order of the
Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation. Plaintiffs filed a First Consolidated and Amended Master Complaint on September 21, 2006, alleging violations of California and other states'
consumer protection and warranty laws and claiming unjust enrichment. The Master Complaint alleges two putative plaintiff classes: (1) all U.S. residents (excluding California residents) who
purchased an iPod nano that was not manufactured or designed using processes necessary to ensure normal resistance to scratching of the screen; and (2) all iPod nano purchasers other than U.S.
residents who purchased an iPod nano that was not manufactured or designed using processes necessary to ensure normal resistance to scratching of the screen. The Company answered the Master Complaint
on November 20, 2006.
The
two California State Court actions were coordinated on May 4, 2006, and assigned to the Hon. Carl West in Los Angeles Superior Court. Plaintiffs filed a Consolidated Amended Class Action
Complaint on June 8, 2006, alleging violations of California state consumer protection, unfair competition, false advertising and warranty laws and claiming unjust enrichment. The Consolidated
Complaint alleges a putative plaintiff class of all California residents who own an iPod nano containing a manufacturing defect that results in the nano being susceptible to excessive scratching. The
Company answered the Consolidated Amended Complaint on October 6, 2006.
Two
similar complaints, Carpentier v. Apple Canada, Inc., and Royer-Brennan v. Apple Computer, Inc. and Apple Canada,
Inc. were filed in Montreal, Quebec, Canada on October 27, 2005 and November 9, 2005, respectively, seeking authorization to institute class actions on behalf of
iPod nano purchasers in Quebec. The Royer-Brennan file was stayed in May 2006 in favor of the Carpentier file. A similar complaint, Mund v. Apple Canada Inc. and
Apple Computer, Inc., was filed in Ontario, Canada on January 9, 2006 seeking authorization to institute a class action on behalf of iPod nano purchasers in
Canada. Apple Canada Inc. and Apple Computer, Inc. have served Notices of Intent to Defend.
28
Individual Networks, LLC v. Apple, Inc.
Plaintiff filed this action against the Company on April 24, 2007 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Marshall Division, alleging
infringement of U.S. Patent No. 7,117,516, entitled "Method and System for Providing a Customized Media List." Plaintiff alleges certain features of the iTunes store infringe the patent. The
complaint seeks unspecified damages and other relief. The Company filed an answer on July 2, 2007, denying all material allegations and asserting numerous affirmative defenses. The Company also
asserted counterclaims for declaratory judgment of noninfringement and invalidity, as well as a counterclaim against Individual Networks LLC for infringement of U.S. Patent No. 5,724,567. The
Markman hearing is set for October 8, 2008, and trial is scheduled for November 9, 2009.
Intertainer, Inc. v. Apple Computer, Inc., et al.
Plaintiff filed this action on December 29, 2006 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Marshall Division, alleging infringement by the
Company and others of U.S. Patent number 6,925,469 entitled "Digital Entertainment Service Platform." The complaint seeks unspecified damages and other relief. The Company filed an answer on
February 21, 2007 denying all material allegations and asserting numerous affirmative defenses. The Company also asserted counterclaims for declaratory judgment of noninfringement and
invalidity.
Lenzi v. Apple Canada, Inc.; Wolfe v. Apple Computer, Inc. and Apple Canada, Inc.; Hirst v. Apple Canada, Inc.; Hamilton v. Apple
Computer, Inc. and Apple Canada, Inc.
Plaintiff filed a purported class action on June 7, 2005, in Superior Court, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada allegedly on behalf of Quebec customers claiming false
advertising and breach of warranty relating to iPod battery life. Plaintiff sought authorization to institute a class action on behalf of Generations 1, 2 and 3 iPod owners in Quebec. On
February 2, 2006, the Court dismissed plaintiff's motion for authorization to institute a class action. Plaintiff has appealed this ruling.
Two
similar complaints relative to iPod battery life, Wolfe v. Apple and Hirst v. Apple, were filed in
Toronto, Ontario, Canada on August 15, 2005 and September 12, 2005, respectively. Counsel subsequently amended the complaint, now called Waddell vs.
Apple. The Waddell lawsuit is brought on behalf of all Canadian purchasers other than Quebec purchasers. On January 17, 2006, the Company filed its statement of defence
to the Waddell complaint. In addition, a similar complaint regarding iPod battery life, Hamilton v. Apple Computer, Inc. and Apple
Canada, Inc. was filed in Calgary, Alberta, Canada on October 5, 2005, purportedly on behalf of all purchasers of iPods in Alberta, Canada. The complaint was
served on September 27, 2006. The Company has reached a settlement of this matter and the parties have requested preliminary court approval for the settlement. Settlement of this matter will
not have a material effect on the Company's financial condition or operating results.
Macadam v. Apple Computer, Inc.; Santos v. Apple Computer, Inc. (Santa Clara County Superior Court)
The
Macadam action was filed in late 2002 asserting various causes of action including breach of contract, fraud, negligent and intentional interference with economic relationship, negligent
misrepresentation, trade libel, unfair competition and false advertising. The complaint requested unspecified damages and other relief. The Company filed an answer on December 3, 2004 denying
all allegations and asserting numerous defenses.
On
October 1, 2003, Macadam was deauthorized as an Apple reseller. Macadam filed a motion for a temporary order to reinstate it as a reseller, which the Court denied. The Court denied Macadam's
motion for a preliminary injunction on December 19, 2003. On December 6, 2004, Macadam filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the Northern District of California, which placed a stay on the
litigation as to Macadam. The Company filed a claim in the bankruptcy proceedings on February 16, 2005. The Macadam bankruptcy case was converted to Chapter 7 (liquidation) on April 29,
2005. The Company has reached a settlement of Macadam's claims against the Company with the Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Trustee. The Bankruptcy Court
29
approved
the settlement on July 17, 2006 over the objection of Tom Santos, Macadam's principal. Santos appealed the ruling approving the settlement, but the district court denied the appeal.
Santos has appealed to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals.
On
December 19, 2005, Tom Santos filed a Fifth Amended Complaint on his own behalf (not on behalf of Macadam) alleging fraud, violations of California Business & Professions Code
§17200 (unfair competition), California Business & Professions Code §17500 (false advertising) and the Consumer Legal Remedies Act. The Company filed a demurrer to
Santos' amended complaint and a special motion to strike the defamation cause of action on January 20, 2006. The Court sustained the demurrer in part but denied the special motion to strike.
Santos filed a Sixth Amended Complaint on July 14, 2006. The Company filed a demurrer, which was granted on September 9, 2006. Santos filed a Seventh Amended Complaint in late September,
2006. The Company filed a motion to strike, which was granted in part and denied in part on December 15, 2006. Santos filed an Eighth Amended Complaint on January 29, 2007. The Company
filed a demurrer, which was heard on May 7, 2007. The court sustained the demurrer, and Santos filed a Ninth Amended Complaint on July 11, 2007. The Company filed a demurrer, which was
overruled. The Company also filed a cross complaint against Santos on January 20, 2006 alleging violations of California Business & Professions Code §17200 and California
Penal Code §502, fraud and deceit and breach of contract.
Mediostream, Inc. v. Acer America Corp. et al.
Plaintiff filed this action against the Company, Acer America Corp., Dell, Inc. and Gateway, Inc. on August 28, 2007 in the United States District Court
for the Eastern District of Texas, Marshall Division, alleging infringement of U.S. Patent No. 7,009,655, entitled "Method and System for Direct Recording
of Video Information onto a Disk Medium." The complaint seeks unspecified damages and other relief. The Company's response to the complaint is not yet due.
OPTi Inc. v. Apple Inc.
Plaintiff filed this action against the Company on January 16, 2007 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Marshall Division, alleging
infringement of U.S. Patent Nos. 5,710,906, 5,813,036 and 6,405,291, all entitled "Predictive Snooping of Cache Memory for Master-Initiated Accesses." The complaint seeks unspecified damages and other
relief. The Company filed an answer on April 17, 2007 denying all material allegations and asserting numerous affirmative defenses. The Company also asserted counterclaims for declaratory
judgment of noninfringement and invalidity.
Premier International Associates LLC v. Apple Computer, Inc.
Plaintiff filed this action on November 3, 2005 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Marshall Division, alleging infringement by the
Company of U.S. Patent Nos. 6,243,725 and 6,763,345 both entitled "List Building System." The complaint sought unspecified damages and other relief. The Company filed an answer on January 13,
2006 denying all material allegations and asserting numerous affirmative defenses. The Company also asserted counterclaims for a declaratory judgment of noninfringement and invalidity. A Markman
hearing was held on May 17, 2007 and the court issued its claim construction ruling on May 23, 2007. Trial was scheduled for December 3, 2007. The parties have reached a
settlement and the matter is concluded. Settlement of this matter did not have a material effect on the Company's financial condition or operating results.
Quantum Technology Management, Ltd. v. Apple Computer, Inc.
Plaintiff filed this action on December 21, 2005 in the United States District Court for the District of Maryland against the Company and Fingerworks, Ltd.,
alleging infringement of U.S. Patent No. 5,730,165 entitled "Time Domain Capacitive Field Detector." The complaint seeks unspecified damages and other relief. On May 11, 2006, Quantum
filed an amended complaint adding Cypress Semiconductor/MicroSystems, Inc. as a defendant. On July 31, 2006, the Company filed an answer denying all material
30
allegations
and asserting numerous affirmative defenses and also filed counterclaims for non-infringement and invalidity. On November 30, 2006, plaintiff filed a reply to the
Company's counterclaims and a More Definite Statement. A Markman hearing was held on May 16, 2007. On June 7, 2007, the court issued a claim construction ruling, and also issued an order
invalidating six of plaintiff's asserted patent claims in response to the Company's motion for partial summary judgment of invalidity.
Saito Shigeru Kenchiku Kenkyusho (Shigeru Saito Architecture Institute) v. iPod; Apple Japan Inc. v. Shigeru Saito Architecture Institute
Plaintiff Saito filed a petition in the Japan Customs Office in Tokyo on January 23, 2007 alleging infringement by the Company of Japanese Patent No. 3852854,
entitled "Touch Operation Input Device and Electronic Parts Thereof." The petition sought an order barring the importation into Japan of fifth generation iPods and second generation iPod nanos. The
Customs Office held a hearing on March 22, 2007. The Customs Office rejected the petition to bar importation and dismissed plaintiff's case.
Apple
Japan, Inc. filed a Declaratory Judgment action against Saito on February 6, 2007, seeking a declaration that the '854 patent is invalid and not infringed. Saito filed a Counter
Complaint for infringement seeking damages.
SP Technologies LLC v. Apple Inc.
Plaintiff filed this action against the Company on August 2, 2007 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Marshall Division, alleging
infringement of U.S. Patent No. 6,784,873 entitled "Method and Medium for Computer Readable Keyboard Display Incapable of User Termination." The complaint seeks unspecified damages and other
relief. The Company's response to the complaint is not yet due.
St-Germain v. Apple Canada, Inc.
Plaintiff filed this case in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, on August 5, 2005, seeking authorization to institute a class action for the refund by the Company of the Canadian
Private Copying Levy that was applied to the iPod purchase price in Quebec between December 12, 2003 and December 14, 2004 but later declared invalid by the Canadian Court. The Company
has completed a refund program for this levy. A class certification hearing took place January 13, 2006. On February 24, 2006, the Court granted class certification and notice was
published during the last week of March 2006. The trial was conducted on October 15 and 16, 2007. The Court has not yet issued a decision.
Texas MP3 Technologies Ltd v. Apple Inc. et al.
Plaintiff filed this action against the Company and other defendants on February 16, 2007 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Marshall
Division, alleging infringement of U.S. Patent No. 7,065,417 entitled "MPEG Portable Sound Reproducing System and A Reproducing Method Thereof." The complaint seeks unspecified damages and
other relief. On July 12, 2007, the Company filed a petition for reexamination of the patent, which the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office granted. Plaintiff filed an amended complaint on
August 1, 2007, adding the iPhone as an accused device. On August 2, 2007, the Company filed a motion to stay the litigation pending the outcome of the reexamination, which the Court
denied. The Company filed an answer on August 20, 2007, denying all
material allegations and asserting numerous affirmative defenses. The Company also asserted counterclaims for declaratory judgment of noninfringement and invalidity.
The Apple iPod iTunes Antitrust Litigation (formerly Charoensak v. Apple Computer, Inc. and Tucker v. Apple Computer, Inc.); Black v. Apple Inc.
The first-listed action is a consolidated case combining two cases previously pending under the names Charoensak v. Apple Computer Inc. (formerly Slattery v. Apple
Computer Inc.) and Tucker v. Apple Computer, Inc. The original plaintiff (Slattery) in the Charoensak case filed a purported class action on
31
January 3,
2005 in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California alleging various claims including alleged unlawful tying of music purchased on the iTunes Store with
the purchase of iPods and unlawful acquisition or maintenance of monopoly market power. Plaintiff's complaint alleged violations of §§1 and 2 of the Sherman Act (15 U.S.C.
§§1 and 2), California Business & Professions Code §16700 et seq. (the Cartwright Act), California Business & Professions Code §17200
(unfair competition), common law unjust enrichment and common law monopolization. Plaintiff sought unspecified damages and other relief. The Company filed a motion to dismiss on February 10,
2005. On September 9, 2005, the Court denied the motion in part and granted it in part. Plaintiff filed an amended complaint on September 23, 2005 and the Company filed an answer on
October 18, 2005. In August 2006, the court dismissed Slattery without prejudice and allowed plaintiffs to file an amended complaint naming two new plaintiffs (Charoensak and Rosen). On
November 2, 2006, the Company filed an answer to the amended complaint denying all material allegations and asserting numerous affirmative defenses.
The
Tucker case was filed as a purported class action on July 21, 2006 in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California alleging various claims including alleged
unlawful tying of music and videos purchased on the iTunes Store with the purchase of iPods and vice versa and unlawful acquisition or maintenance of monopoly market power. The complaint alleges
violations of §§1 and 2 of the Sherman Act (15 U.S.C. §§1 and 2), California Business & Professions Code §16700 et seq. (the
Cartwright Act), California Business & Professions Code §17200 (unfair competition) and the California Consumer Legal Remedies Act. Plaintiff sought unspecified damages and other
relief. On November 3, 2006, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the complaint. On December 20, 2006, the Court denied the motion to dismiss. On January 11, 2007, The Company
filed an answer denying all material allegations and asserting numerous defenses.
On
March 20, 2007, the Court consolidated the two cases. Plaintiffs filed a consolidated complaint on April 19, 2007. On June 6, 2007, the Company filed an answer to the
consolidated complaint denying all material allegations and asserting numerous affirmative defenses.
A
related class action complaint, Black v. Apple Inc., was filed on August 27, 2007 in the Circuit Court in Broward County, Florida, alleging
that the Company is attempting to maintain a monopoly by precluding customers from using non-iTunes downloads on iPods and from using iTunes music on non-iPod MP3 players.
Plaintiff alleges that the Company's alleged monopolization violates the Florida Antitrust Act and the Florida Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices Act. Plaintiff seeks unspecified damages and other
relief. The Company removed the case to the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida on September 28, 2007, and filed a motion to transfer the case to the Northern
District of California on October 12, 2007. The Company's motion to transfer was granted on October 17, 2007.
Tse v. Apple Computer, Inc. et al.
Plaintiff Ho Keung Tse filed this action against the Company and other defendants on August 5, 2005 in the United States District Court for the District of Maryland
alleging infringement of U.S. Patent No. 6,665,797 entitled "Protection of Software Again [sic] Against Unauthorized Use." The complaint seeks unspecified damages and
other relief. The Company filed an answer on October 31, 2005 denying all material allegations and asserting numerous affirmative defenses. On October 28, 2005, the Company and the other
defendants filed a motion to transfer the case to the Northern District of California, which was granted on August 31, 2006. On July 24, 2007, the Company filed a petition for
reexamination of the patent, which the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office granted. On July 25, 2007, the Company filed a motion to stay the litigation pending the outcome of the reexamination,
which the court granted on October 4, 2007.
Union Fédérale des ConsummateursQue Choisir v. Apple Computer France S.à.r.l. and iTunes S.à.r.l.
Plaintiff, a consumer association in France, filed this complaint on February 9, 2005 alleging that the above-listed entities are violating consumer law by
(1) omitting to mention that the iPod is allegedly not
32
compatible
with music from online music services other than the iTunes Store and that the music from the iTunes Store is only compatible with the iPod and (2) allegedly tying the sales of iPods
to the iTunes Store and vice versa. Plaintiff seeks damages, injunctive relief and other relief. The first hearing on the case took place on May 24, 2005. The Company's response to the
complaint was served on November 8, 2005. Plaintiff's responsive pleading was filed on February 10, 2006. The Company filed a reply on June 6, 2006 and UFC filed a response on
September 19, 2006.
Vitt v. Apple Computer, Inc.
Plaintiff filed this purported class action on November 7, 2006 in the United States District Court for the Central District of California on behalf of a purported
nationwide class of all purchasers of the iBook G4 alleging that the computer's logic board fails at an abnormally high rate. The complaint alleges violations of California Business &
Professions Code §17200 (unfair competition) and California Business & Professions Code §17500 (false advertising). Plaintiff seeks unspecified damages and other relief.
The Company filed a motion to dismiss on January 19, 2007, which the court granted on March 13, 2007. Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint on March 26, 2007. The Company filed a
motion to dismiss on August 16, 2007, which was heard on October 4, 2007.
Vogel v. Jobs et al.
Plaintiff filed this purported class action on August 24, 2006, in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California against the Company and
certain of the Company's current and former officers and directors alleging improper backdating of stock option grants to maximize certain defendants' profits, failing to properly account for those
grants and issuing false financial statements. On January 19, 2007, the Court appointed the New York City Employees' Retirement System as lead plaintiff. On March 23, 2007, plaintiffs
filed a Consolidated Class Action Complaint. The Consolidated Complaint purports to be brought on behalf of several classes of holders of the Company's stock and asserts claims under
Section 14(a) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act as well as state law. The Consolidated Complaint seeks rescission of amendments to various stock option and other incentive compensation
plans, an accounting and damages in an unspecified amount. Defendants filed a motion to dismiss on June 8, 2007, which was heard on September 7, 2007.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of the Company's fiscal year ended September 29, 2007.
33
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The Company's common stock is traded on the over-the-counter market and is quoted on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol AAPL and on the
Frankfurt Stock Exchange under the symbol APCD.
Price Range of Common Stock
The price range per share of common stock presented below represents the highest and lowest sales prices for the Company's common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market
during each quarter of the two most recent fiscal years.
|
|
Fourth Quarter
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
Second Quarter
|
|
First Quarter
|
| Fiscal 2007 price range per common share |
|
$ |
155.00 - $111.62 |
|
$ |
127.61 - $89.60 |
|
$ |
97.80 - $81.90 |
|
$ |
93.16 - $72.60 |
| Fiscal 2006 price range per common share |
|
$ |
77.78 - $ 50.16 |
|
$ |
73.80 - $55.41 |
|
$ |
86.40 - $57.67 |
|
$ |
75.46 - $47.87 |
Holders
As of November 2, 2007, there were 30,336 shareholders of record.
Dividends
The Company did not declare or pay cash dividends in either fiscal 2007 or 2006. The Company anticipates that, for the foreseeable future, it will retain any earnings for use
in the operation of its business.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
None.
34
Company Stock Performance
The following graph shows a five-year comparison of cumulative total shareholder return, calculated on a dividend reinvested basis, for the Company, the S&P 500
Composite Index (the "S&P 500") and the S&P Computers (Hardware) Index (the "Industry Index"). The graph assumes $100 was invested in each of the Company's common stock, the S&P 500, and the Industry
Index on September 30, 2002. Data points on the graph are annual. Note that historic stock price performance is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The information set forth below is not necessarily indicative of results of future operations, and should be read in conjunction with Item 7, "Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K to fully
understand factors that may affect the comparability of the information presented below.
Five fiscal years ended September 29, 2007 (In millions, except share and per share amounts)
|
|
2007
|
|
2006
|
|
2005
|
|
2004
|
|
2003
|
| Net sales |
|
$ |
24,006 |
|
$ |
19,315 |
|
$ |
13,931 |
|
$ |
8,279 |
|
$ |
6,207 |
| Net income |
|
$ |
3,496 |
|
$ |
1,989 |
|
$ |
1,328 |
|
$ |
266 |
|
$ |
57 |
| Earnings per common share: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Basic |
|
$ |
4.04 |
|
$ |
2.36 |
|
$ |
1.64 |
|
$ |
0.36 |
|
$ |
0.08 |
| |
Diluted |
|
$ |
3.93 |
|
$ |
2.27 |
|
$ |
1.55 |
|
$ |
0.34 |
|
$ |
0.08 |
| Cash dividends declared per common share |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
| Shares used in computing earnings per share (in thousands): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Basic |
|
|
864,595 |
|
|
844,058 |
|
|
808,439 |
|
|
743,180 |
|
|
721,262 |
| |
Diluted |
|
|
889,292 |
|
|
877,526 |
|
|
856,878 |
|
|
774,776 |
|
|
723,352 |
| Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments |
|
$ |
15,386 |
|
$ |
10,110 |
|
$ |
8,261 |
|
$ |
5,464 |
|
$ |
4,566 |
| Total assets |
|
$ |
25,347 |
|
$ |
17,205 |
|
$ |
11,516 |
|
$ |
8,039 |
|
$ |
6,817 |
| Long-term debt (including current maturities) |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
304 |
| Total liabilities |
|
$ |
10,815 |
|
$ |
7,221 |
|
$ |
4,088 |
|
$ |
2,976 |
|
$ |
2,594 |
| Shareholders' equity |
|
$ |
14,532 |
|
$ |
9,984 |
|
$ |
7,428 |
|
$ |
5,063 |
|
$ |
4,223 |
35
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This section and other parts of this Form 10-K contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties.
Forward-looking statements can also be identified by words such as "anticipates," "expects," "believes," "plans," "predicts," and similar terms. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future
performance and the Company's actual results may differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such differences include, but are not
limited to, those discussed in the subsection entitled "Risk Factors" above. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto
included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. All information presented herein is based on the Company's fiscal calendar. Unless otherwise stated, references in this report to particular
years or quarters refer to the Company's fiscal years ended in September and the associated quarters of those fiscal years. The Company assumes no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking
statements for any reason, except as required by law.
Executive Overview
The Company designs, manufactures, and markets personal computers, portable digital music players, and mobile communication devices and sells a variety of related software,
services, peripherals, and networking solutions. The Company's products and services include the Mac® line of desktop and portable computers, the iPod line of portable digital music
players, iPhone, Apple TV, Xserve®, and Xserve RAID, a portfolio of consumer and professional software applications, the Mac OS® X operating system, third-party digital content
through the iTunes Store, and a variety of accessory, service and support offerings. The Company sells its products worldwide through its online stores, its retail stores, its direct
sales force, and third-party wholesalers, resellers, and value-added resellers. In addition, the Company sells a variety of third-party Mac, iPod and iPhone compatible products, including application
software, printers, storage devices, speakers, headphones, and various other accessories and peripherals through its online and retail stores. The Company sells to education, consumer, creative
professional, business, and government customers. Further discussion of the Company's products may be found in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-K under the heading "Business."
The
Company believes that for both professionals and consumers the personal computer has become the center of an evolving digital lifestyle by integrating with and enhancing the utility of advanced
digital devices such as the Company's iPods, iPhones, digital video and still cameras, televisions, personal digital assistants, and other digital devices. The attributes of the personal computer that
enable this functionality include a high-quality user interface, easy access to relatively inexpensive data storage, the ability to run complex applications, and the ability to connect
easily to a wide variety of other digital devices and to the Internet. The Company is the only participant in the personal computer industry that controls the design and development of the entire
personal computerfrom the hardware and operating system to sophisticated applications. This, along with its products' creative industrial designs, intuitive
ease-of-use, and built-in graphics, multimedia and networking capabilities, uniquely positions the Company to offer innovative integrated digital lifestyle
solutions.
The
Company's business strategy leverages its ability, through the design and development of its own operating system, hardware, and many software applications and technologies, to bring to its
customers around the world compelling new products and solutions with superior ease-of-use, seamless integration, and innovative industrial design.
The
Company participates in several highly competitive markets, including personal computers with its Mac line of computers, consumer electronics with its iPod product family of portable digital music
players, and distribution of third-party digital content through its online iTunes Store. With the introduction of iPhone, the Company has also begun to compete with mobile communication device
companies that have substantial experience and technological and financial resources. While the Company is widely recognized as a leading innovator in the personal computer and consumer electronics
markets as well as a leader in the emerging market for distribution of digital content, these markets are highly competitive and subject to
36
aggressive
pricing. To remain competitive, the Company believes that increased investment in research and development ("R&D") and marketing and advertising is necessary to maintain or expand its
position in the markets where it competes. The Company's R&D spending is focused on further developing its existing line of personal computers, operating systems, application software, and portable
digital music players; developing new digital lifestyle consumer and professional software applications; and investing in new product areas such as iPhone and wireless technologies. The Company also
believes increased investment in marketing and advertising programs is critical to increasing product and brand awareness.
The
Company utilizes a variety of direct and indirect distribution channels. The Company believes that sales of its innovative and differentiated products are enhanced by knowledgeable salespersons
who can convey the value of the hardware, software, and peripheral integration, demonstrate the unique digital lifestyle solutions that are available only on Mac computers, and demonstrate the
compatibility of the Mac with the Windows platform and networks. The Company further believes providing a high-quality sales and after-sales support experience is critical to attracting
and retaining
customers. To ensure a high-quality buying experience for its products in which service and education are emphasized, the Company has expanded and improved its distribution capabilities by
opening its own retail stores in the U.S. and internationally. The Company had 197 stores open as of September 29, 2007.
The
Company also staffs selected third-party stores with the Company's own employees to improve the buying experience through reseller channels. The Company has deployed Apple employees and
contractors in reseller locations around the world including the U.S., Canada, Europe, Japan, Asia, Latin America and Australia. The Company also sells to customers directly through its online stores
around the world.
To
improve access to the iPod product family, the Company has significantly expanded the number of distribution points where iPods are sold. iPods can be purchased in certain department stores,
member-only warehouse stores, large retail chains, and specialty retail stores, as well as through the channels for Mac distribution listed above.
The
Company began shipping iPhone in the U.S. on June 29, 2007, in the U.K. and Germany on November 9, 2007 and expects to begin shipping the iPhone in France on November 29,
2007. AT&T Mobility LLC ("AT&T"), O2 Limited ("O2"), T-Mobile International AG & Co. KG ("T-Mobile"), and France Telecom ("Orange") are the exclusive cellular network
carriers for iPhone in the U.S., U.K., Germany, and France, respectively. iPhone is distributed through the Company and its exclusive cellular network carriers' distribution channels.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and the Company's discussion and analysis of
its financial condition and operating results require the Company's management to make judgments, assumptions, and estimates that affect the amounts reported in its consolidated financial statements
and accompanying notes. Note 1 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-K describes the significant
accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions it
believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these
estimates and such differences may be material.
Management
believes the Company's critical accounting policies and estimates are those related to revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory valuation and inventory purchase
commitments, warranty costs, stock-based compensation, income taxes, and legal and other contingencies. Management considers these critical policies because they are both important to the portrayal of
the Company's financial condition and operating results, and they require management to make judgments
37
and
estimates about inherently uncertain matters. The Company's senior management has reviewed these critical accounting policies and related disclosures with the Audit and Finance Committee of the
Company's Board of Directors.
Revenue Recognition
Net sales consist primarily of revenue from the sale of hardware, software, music products, digital content, peripherals, and service and support contracts. The Company
recognizes revenue for software products (operating system software and applications software), or any product that is considered to be software-related in accordance with the guidance in Emerging
Issues Task Force ("EITF") No. 03-5, Applicability of AICPA Statement of Position 97-2 to Non-software Deliverables in an Arrangement
Containing More-Than-Incidental Software, (e.g., Mac computers, iPod portable digital music players and iPhone) pursuant to American Institute of
Certified Public Accountants ("AICPA") Statement of Position ("SOP") No. 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition, as amended. For products
that are not software or software-related, (e.g., digital content sold on the iTunes Store and certain Mac, iPod and iPhone supplies and accessories) the Company recognizes revenue pursuant to SEC
Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") No. 104, Revenue Recognition.
The
Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collection is probable. Product is considered
delivered to the customer once it has been shipped, and title and risk of loss have been transferred. For most of the Company's product sales, these criteria are met at the time the product is
shipped. For online sales to individuals, for some sales to education customers in the U.S., and for certain other sales, the Company defers revenue until the customer receives the product because the
Company retains a portion of the risk of loss on these sales during transit. If at the outset of an arrangement the Company determines the arrangement fee is not, or is presumed not to be, fixed or
determinable, revenue is deferred and subsequently recognized as amounts become due and payable and all other criteria for revenue recognition have been met.
During
2007, the Company began shipping Apple TV and iPhone. For both Apple TV and iPhone, the Company indicated it may provide future unspecified features and additional software products free of
charge to customers. Therefore, sales of Apple TV and iPhone handsets are recognized under subscription accounting in accordance with SOP No. 97-2. The Company recognizes the
associated revenue and cost of goods sold on a straight-line basis over the currently estimated 24-month economic lives of these products with any loss recognized at the
time of sale. Costs incurred by the Company for engineering, sales, marketing and warranty are expensed as incurred.
The
Company records reductions to revenue for estimated commitments related to price protection and for customer incentive programs, including reseller and end-user rebates, and other
sales programs and volume-based incentives. For transactions involving price protection, the Company recognizes revenue net of the estimated amount to be refunded, provided the refund amount can be
reasonably and reliably estimated and the other conditions for revenue recognition have been met. If refunds cannot be reliably estimated, revenue is not recognized until reliable estimates can be
made or the price protection lapses. For customer incentive programs, the estimated cost of these programs is recognized at the later of the date at which the Company has sold the product or the date
at which the program is offered. The Company also records reductions to revenue for expected future product returns based on the Company's historical experience. Future market conditions and product
transitions may require the Company to increase customer incentive programs and incur incremental price protection obligations that could result in additional reductions to revenue at the time such
programs are offered. Additionally, certain customer incentive programs require management to estimate the number of customers who will actually redeem the incentive based on historical experience and
the specific terms and conditions of particular incentive programs. If a greater than estimated proportion of customers redeem such incentives, the Company
38
would
be required to record additional reductions to revenue, which would have a negative impact on the Company's results of operations.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The Company distributes its products through third-party distributors and resellers and directly to certain education, consumer, and commercial customers. The Company generally
does not require collateral from its customers; however, the Company will require collateral in certain instances to limit credit risk. In addition, when possible the Company does attempt to limit
credit risk on trade receivables with credit insurance for certain customers in Latin America, Europe, Asia, and Australia by arranging with third-party financing companies to provide flooring
arrangements and other loan and lease programs to the Company's direct customers. These credit-financing arrangements are directly between the third-party financing company and the end customer. As
such, the Company generally does not assume any recourse or credit risk sharing related to any of these arrangements. However, considerable trade receivables that are not covered by collateral,
third-party flooring arrangements, or credit insurance are outstanding with the Company's distribution and retail channel partners.
The
allowance for doubtful accounts is based on management's assessment of the collectibility of specific customer accounts and includes consideration of the credit worthiness and financial condition
of those specific customers. The Company records an allowance to reduce the specific receivables to the amount that is reasonably believed to be collectible. The Company also records an allowance for
all other trade receivables based on multiple factors including historical experience with bad debt, the general economic environment, the financial condition of the Company's distribution channels,
and the
aging of such receivables. If there is a deterioration of a major customer's financial condition, if the Company becomes aware of additional information related to the credit worthiness of a major
customer, or if future actual default rates on trade receivables in general differ from those currently anticipated, the Company may have to adjust its allowance for doubtful accounts, which would
affect earnings in the period the adjustments were made.
Inventory Valuation and Inventory Purchase Commitments
The Company must order components for its products and build inventory in advance of product shipments. The Company records a write-down for inventories of
components and products, including third-party products held for resale, which have become obsolete or are in excess of anticipated demand or net realizable value. The Company performs a detailed
review of inventory each fiscal quarter that considers multiple factors including demand forecasts, product life cycle status, product development plans, current sales levels, and component cost
trends. The personal computer, consumer electronics and mobile communications industries are subject to a rapid and unpredictable pace of product and component obsolescence and demand changes. If
future demand or market conditions for the Company's products are less favorable than forecasted or if unforeseen technological changes negatively impact the utility of component inventory, the
Company may be required to record additional write-downs which would negatively affect gross margins in the period when the write-downs were recorded.
The
Company accrues reserves for estimated cancellation fees related to component orders that have been cancelled or are expected to be cancelled. Consistent with industry practice, the Company
acquires components through a combination of purchase orders, supplier contracts, and open orders based on projected demand information. These commitments typically cover the Company's requirements
for periods ranging from 30 to 150 days. If there is an abrupt and substantial decline in demand for one or more of the Company's products or an unanticipated change in technological
requirements for any of the Company's products, the Company may be required to record additional reserves for cancellation fees that would negatively affect gross margins in the period when the
cancellation fees are identified and recorded.
39
Warranty Costs
The Company provides for the estimated cost for hardware and software warranties at the time the related revenue is recognized based on historical and projected warranty claim
rates, historical and projected cost-per-claim, and knowledge of specific product failures that are outside of the Company's typical experience. Each quarter, the Company
reevaluates its estimates to assess the adequacy of its recorded warranty liabilities considering the size of the installed base of products subject to warranty protection and adjusts the amounts as
necessary. For products accounted for under subscription accounting pursuant to SOP No. 97-2, the Company recognizes warranty expense as incurred. If actual product failure rates or
repair costs differ from estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required and could negatively affect the Company's results of operations.
The
Company periodically provides updates to its applications and system software to maintain the software's compliance with specifications. The estimated cost to develop such updates is accounted for
as warranty cost that is recognized at the time related software revenue is recognized. Factors considered in determining appropriate accruals related to such updates include the number of units
delivered, the number of updates expected to occur, and the historical cost and estimated future cost of the resources necessary to develop these updates.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 123 (revised 2004) ("SFAS
No. 123R"), Share-Based Payment. Under the provisions of SFAS No. 123R, stock-based compensation cost is estimated at the grant date based
on the award's fair-value as calculated by the Black-Scholes-Merton ("BSM") option-pricing model and is recognized as expense ratably on a straight-line basis over the
requisite service period. The BSM model requires various judgmental assumptions including expected volatility, forfeiture rates, and expected option life. If any of the assumptions used in the BSM
model change significantly, stock-based compensation expense may differ materially in the future from that recorded in the current period.
Income Taxes
The Company records a tax provision for the anticipated tax consequences of the reported results of operations. In accordance with SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, the
provision for income taxes is computed using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and
liabilities
are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and for operating losses and tax credit
carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those tax assets are expected to be
realized or settled. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is believed more likely than not to be realized.
Management
believes it is more likely than not that forecasted income, including income that may be generated as a result of certain tax planning strategies, together with the tax effects of the
deferred tax liabilities, will be sufficient to fully recover the remaining deferred tax assets. In the event that all or part of the net deferred tax assets are determined not to be realizable in the
future, an adjustment to the valuation allowance would be charged to earnings in the period such determination is made. In addition, the calculation of tax liabilities involves significant judgment in
estimating the impact of uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws. Resolution of these uncertainties in a manner inconsistent with management's expectations could have a material impact on
the Company's financial condition and operating results.
Legal and Other Contingencies
As discussed in Part I, Item 3 of this Form 10-K under the heading "Legal Proceedings" and in Note 8 "Commitments and Contingencies" in Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company is
40
subject
to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company records a contingent liability when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the
amount is reasonably estimable in accordance with SFAS No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies. There is significant judgment required in both the
probability determination and as to whether an exposure can be reasonably estimated. In management's opinion, the Company does not have a potential liability related to any current legal proceedings
and claims that would individually or in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or operating results. However, the outcomes of legal proceedings and claims brought
against the Company are subject to significant uncertainty. Should the Company fail to prevail in any of these legal matters or should several of these legal matters be resolved against the Company in
the same reporting period, the operating results of a particular reporting period could be materially adversely affected.
41
Net Sales
Fiscal years 2007 and 2005 spanned 52 weeks while fiscal year 2006 spanned 53 weeks. This additional week is added to the first fiscal quarter approximately every six years to
realign fiscal quarters with calendar quarters.
Net
sales and Mac unit sales by operating segment and net sales and unit sales by product follow (net sales in millions and unit sales in thousands):
|
|
September 29,
2007
|
|
Change
|
|
September 30,
2006
|
|
Change
|
|
September 24,
2005
|
Net Sales by Operating Segment (a):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Americas net sales |
|
$ |
11,596 |
|
23 |
% |
$ |
9,415 |
|
41 |
% |
$ |
6,658 |
| |
Europe net sales |
|
|
5,460 |
|
33 |
% |
|
4,096 |
|
33 |
% |
|
3,073 |
| |
Japan net sales |
|
|
1,082 |
|
(11 |
)% |
|
1,211 |
|
31 |
% |
|
924 |
| |
Retail net sales |
|
|
4,115 |
|
27 |
% |
|
3,246 |
|
42 |
% |
|
2,278 |
| |
Other Segments net sales (b) |
|
|
1,753 |
|
30 |
% |
|
1,347 |
|
35 |
% |
|
998 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Total net sales |
|
$ |
24,006 |
|
24 |
% |
$ |
19,315 |
|
39 |
% |
$ |
13,931 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unit Sales by Operating Segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Americas Mac unit sales |
|
|
3,019 |
|
24 |
% |
|
2,432 |
|
11 |
% |
|
2,184 |
| |
Europe Mac unit sales |
|
|
1,816 |
|
35 |
% |
|
1,346 |
|
18 |
% |
|
1,138 |
| |
Japan Mac unit sales |
|
|
302 |
|
(1 |
)% |
|
304 |
|
(3 |
)% |
|
313 |
| |
Retail Mac unit sales |
|
|
1,386 |
|
56 |
% |
|
886 |
|
45 |
% |
|
609 |
| |
Other Segments Mac unit sales (b) |
|
|
528 |
|
58 |
% |
|
335 |
|
16 |
% |
|
290 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Total Mac unit sales |
|
|
7,051 |
|
33 |
% |
|
5,303 |
|
17 |
% |
|
4,534 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Sales by Product:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Desktops (c) |
|
$ |
4,020 |
|
21 |
% |
$ |
3,319 |
|
(3 |
)% |
$ |
3,436 |
| |
Portables (d) |
|
|
6,294 |
|
55 |
% |
|
4,056 |
|
43 |
% |
|
2,839 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Total Mac net sales |
|
|
10,314 |
|
40 |
% |
|
7,375 |
|
18 |
% |
|
6,275 |
iPod |
|
|
8,305 |
|
8 |
% |
|
7,676 |
|
69 |
% |
|
4,540 |
| Other music related products and services (e) |
|
|
2,496 |
|
32 |
% |
|
1,885 |
|
110 |
% |
|
899 |
| iPhone and related products and services (f) |
|
|
123 |
|
NM |
|
|
|
|
NM |
|
|
|
| Peripherals and other hardware (g) |
|
|
1,260 |
|
15 |
% |
|
1,100 |
|
(2 |
)% |
|
1,126 |
| Software, service, and other sales (h) |
|
|
1,508 |
|
18 |
% |
|
1,279 |
|
17 |
% |
|
1,091 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Total net sales |
|
$ |
24,006 |
|
24 |
% |
$ |
19,315 |
|
39 |
% |
$ |
13,931 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unit Sales by Product:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Desktops (c) |
|
|
2,714 |
|
12 |
% |
|
2,434 |
|
(3 |
)% |
|
2,520 |
| |
Portables (d) |
|
|
4,337 |
|
51 |
% |
|
2,869 |
|
42 |
% |
|
2,014 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Total Mac unit sales |
|
|
7,051 |
|
33 |
% |
|
5,303 |
|
17 |
% |
|
4,534 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Net sales per Mac unit sold (i) |
|
$ |
1,463 |
|
5 |
% |
$ |
1,391 |
|
1 |
% |
$ |
1,384 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| iPod unit sales |
|
|
51,630 |
|
31 |
% |
|
39,409 |
|
75 |
% |
|
22,497 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Net sales per iPod unit sold (j) |
|
$ |
161 |
|
(17 |
)% |
$ |
195 |
|
(3 |
)% |
$ |
202 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| iPhone unit sales |
|
|
1,389 |
|
NM |
|
|
|
|
NM |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes:
- (a)
- During
2007, the Company revised the way it measures the Retail Segment's operating results to a manner that is generally consistent with the Company's other operating segments. Prior
period results have been reclassified to reflect this change to the Retail Segment's operating results along with the corresponding offsets to the other operating segments. Further information
regarding the Company's operating segments may be found in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements at Note 9, "Segment Information and Geographic Data."
- (b)
- Other
Segments include Asia Pacific and FileMaker.
- (c)
- Includes
iMac, eMac, Mac mini, Mac Pro, Power Mac, and Xserve product lines.
- (d)
- Includes
MacBook, iBook, MacBook Pro, and PowerBook product lines.
- (e)
- Consists
of iTunes Store sales, iPod services, and Apple-branded and third-party iPod accessories.
- (f)
- Derived
from handset sales, carrier agreements, and Apple-branded and third-party iPhone accessories.
- (g)
- Includes
sales of Apple-branded and third-party displays, wireless connectivity and networking solutions, and other hardware accessories.
- (h)
- Includes
sales of Apple-branded operating system, application software, third-party software, AppleCare, and Internet services.
- (i)
- Derived
by dividing total Mac net sales by total Mac unit sales.
- (j)
- Derived
by dividing total iPod net sales by total iPod unit sales.
NM = Not Meaningful
42
Fiscal Year 2007 versus 2006
Net sales during 2007 increased 24% or $4.7 billion from 2006 even though the fiscal year of 2007 spanned 52 weeks while the fiscal year of 2006 spanned 53 weeks.
Several factors contributed to these increases including the following:
-
- Mac
net sales increased $3 billion or 40% during 2007 compared to 2006, while Mac unit sales increased by 1.75 million units or 33%. The 33% Mac unit sales
growth rate is significantly greater than the estimated growth rate of the overall personal computer industry during that timeframe. Unit sales of the Company's portable products accounted for 62% of
the Company's personal computer shipments in 2007, up from 54% in 2006. Net sales and unit sales of the Company's portable products increased 55% and 51%, respectively, during 2007 compared to 2006.
This growth was due to strong demand for the MacBook, which increased in each of the Company's operating segments, as well as the MacBook Pro, which increased in each operating segment except Japan.
Mac desktop net sales and unit sales increased by 21% and 12%, respectively, during 2007 due to stronger sales of the iMac in each of the Company's operating segments. The Mac desktop net sales growth
was greater than the unit sales growth primarily due to a shift in desktop product mix away from the lower-price Mac Mini and discontinued eMac and toward the iMac.
-
- Net
sales of iPods increased $629 million or 8% during 2007 compared to 2006. Unit sales of iPods increased 31% compared to 2006. The iPod growth was primarily driven
by increased sales of the iPod shuffle and iPod nano particularly in international markets. iPod unit sales growth was significantly greater than iPod net sales due to a shift in overall iPod product
mix, as well as due to lower selling prices for the iPod classic, iPod nano and iPod shuffle in 2007 compared to 2006.
-
- Net
sales of iPhone and related products and services were $123 million in 2007. iPhone net sales include the portion of iPhone handset revenue recognized in
accordance with subscription accounting over the product's 24-month estimated economic life, as well as sales of iPhone accessory products and revenue from carrier agreements. iPhone unit
sales were 1.39 million in 2007.
-
- Net
sales of other music related products and services increased $611 million or 32% during 2007 compared to 2006 due to increased net sales from the iTunes Store.
The Company believes this growth was the result of heightened consumer interest in downloading digital content and the expansion of third-party audio and video content available for sale via the
iTunes Store.
-
- Net
sales of peripherals and other hardware increased $160 million or 15% compared to 2006 due to an increase in wireless networking products and other hardware
accessories, including printers and scanners, which was partially offset by a decrease in net sales of displays.
-
- Net
sales of software, service, and other sales rose $229 million or 18% during 2007 compared to 2006. This growth was primarily attributable to increased net sales
of AppleCare Protection Plan ("APP") extended service and support contracts and increased sales of Apple branded and third-party developers' software products.
Fiscal Year 2006 versus 2005
Net sales during 2006 increased 39% or $5.4 billion from 2005. This increase was due in part to the fact that 2006 spanned 53 weeks while 2005 spanned 52 weeks. Several
other factors contributed to these increases including the following:
-
- Net
sales of iPods increased $3.1 billion or 69% during 2006 compared to 2005. Unit sales of iPods totaled 39.4 million in 2006, which represents an increase
of 75% from the 22.5 million iPod units sold in 2005. Strong iPod sales during 2006 reflected significant sales of both the hard-drive based iPod that supports video, first
introduced in October of 2005 and the iPod nano, introduced in September 2005, as well as continued expansion of iPod distribution points. During 2006, the net
43
Offsetting
the favorable factors discussed above, the Company's net sales during 2006 were negatively impacted by the following:
-
- Net
sales of peripherals and other hardware declined $26 million or 2% compared to 2005 primarily due to price decreases and a decrease in net sales of displays
relating to a shift in mix from desktop to portable systems. The decrease in net sales of displays for 2006 is consistent with the overall decrease in unit sales of Mac professional desktop systems.
Segment Operating Performance
The Company manages its business primarily on a geographic basis. The Company's reportable operating segments consist of the Americas, Europe, Japan, and Retail. The Americas,
Europe, and Japan reportable segments do not include activities related to the Retail segment. The Americas segment includes both North and South America. The Europe segment includes European
countries as well as the Middle East and Africa. The Retail segment operates Apple-owned retail stores in the U.S., Canada, Japan, the U.K. and Italy. Each reportable geographic operating segment and
the Retail operating segment provide similar hardware and software products and similar services. During 2007, the Company revised the way it measures the Retail Segment's operating results to a
manner that is generally consistent with the Company's other operating segments. Prior period results have been reclassified to reflect this change to the Retail Segment's operating results along with
the corresponding offsets to the other operating segments. Further information regarding the Company's operating segments may be found in Note 9,
44
"Segment
Information and Geographic Data" in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-K.
Americas
During 2007, net sales in the Americas segment increased $2.2 billion, or 23%, compared to 2006. The main sources of this growth were Mac portable products, iMacs,
iPods, and the sales of third-party content from the iTunes Store. Sales of Mac portable products increased due to the popularity of the MacBook, introduced in May 2006 and updated in
May 2007, as well as the MacBook Pro, introduced in January 2006 and updated in June 2007. Sales of iMacs grew due to a shift in desktop product mix away from the Mac mini and
discontinued eMac as well as the strong reception of the new iMac introduced in August 2007. Sales of iPods grew due to increased demand for the iPod nano and iPod shuffle and the introduction
of the iPod touch in September 2007. The Company believes that the growth in iTunes Store sales was the result of heightened consumer interest in downloading digital content and the expansion
of third-party audio and video content available for sale via the iTunes Store. During 2007, the Americas segment represented 48% of the Company's total net sales as compared to 49% in the same period
of 2006. During 2007, U.S. education channel net sales and Mac unit sales increased by 14% and 18%, respectively, compared to 2006. Net sales from the higher education market grew 17% during 2007
compared to 2006, while net sales in the K-12 market grew 10% during the same period.
During
2006, net sales in the Americas segment increased $2.8 billion, or 41%, compared to 2005. The primary contributors to this increase were iPods, other music related products and services,
Mac portable systems, and APP. Sales of iPods increased primarily due to the introduction of the updated iPod with video-playing capabilities in October 2005 (now referred to as iPod classic)
and the iPod nano during September 2005. The increase in other music related products and services was due to increases in sales of Apple-branded and third-party iPod accessories and sales from
the iTunes Store. The
increase in sales of Mac portable systems in the Americas was due to strong sales of the MacBook and MacBook Pro during 2006. The overall increase in net sales was partially offset by a decline in net
sales of desktops, displays, and Mac OS X. The decrease in desktop products and displays net sales reflects the overall shift in product mix toward portable Mac systems. Mac OS X sales decreased from
2005 since the Company had not released a new version of Mac OS X since Tiger began shipping in April 2005. During 2006, the Americas segment represented 49% of the Company's total net sales as
compared to 48% in the same period of 2005.
Europe
Europe segment net sales increased $1.4 billion or 33% during 2007 compared to 2006. Consistent with the Americas segment, the primary drivers of this growth were Mac
portable products, iMacs, iPods, and the sales of third-party content from the iTunes Store. Sales of Mac portable products increased due to the popularity of both the MacBook and MacBook Pro. Sales
of iMacs grew due to a shift in desktop product mix away from the Mac mini and discontinued eMac as well as the strong reception of the new iMac introduced in August 2007. Sales of iPods grew
primarily due to increased demand for the iPod nano and iPod shuffle. The Company believes that the growth in iTunes Store sales was the result of heightened consumer interest in downloading digital
content and the expansion of third-party audio and video content available for sale via the iTunes Store.
Europe
segment net sales increased $1.0 billion or 33% during 2006 compared to 2005. Consistent with the Americas segment, these increases were a result of strong growth in iPod sales, other
music related products and services, and Mac portable systems. Sales of iPods increased primarily due to the introduction of the updated iPod with video-playing capabilities in October 2005 and
the iPod nano during September 2005. The increase in other music related products and services was due to increases in sales of Apple-branded and third-party iPod accessories and sales from the
iTunes Store. The increase in sales of portable systems in Europe was due to strong sales of the MacBook and MacBook Pro that were introduced during 2006. In addition, Europe also reported increased
sales in APP related to the increase in Mac unit sales. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in desktop and Mac OS X net sales
45
during
2006 compared to 2005. The decrease in desktop net sales was due to the shift in product mix toward portable Mac systems. Mac OS X sales have decreased from 2005 since the Company has not
released a new version of Mac OS X since Tiger began shipping in April 2005.
Japan
Japan's net sales declined by $129 million or 11% in 2007 compared to 2006. Total Mac unit sales in Japan declined 1% during 2007. The decrease in the Japan segment's
overall net sales was primarily attributable to decreases in iPod and Mac desktop sales, partially offset by an increase in revenue from MacBooks and sales of third-party content from the iTunes
Store. The decline in net sales and Mac unit sales is partially attributable to Japan's declining consumer PC market, and the iPod sales decline
is primarily due to lower average selling prices. The Company is continuing to evaluate ways to improve the future results of its Japan segment.
Japan's
net sales increased $287 million or 31% during 2006 compared to 2005. The Japan segment experienced increased net sales in iPods, Mac portable products, and other music related products
and services. Consistent with the Company's other segments, Japan experienced increases in sales of iPods due to the introduction of the iPod with video-playing capabilities (now referred to as the
iPod classic) and the iPod nano in October and September of 2005, respectively. Japan also experienced strong sales of the Intel-based MacBook and increased sales from the iTunes Store. These
increases were partially offset by decreases in net sales of Mac desktop products, displays, and Mac OS X. The decreases in desktop products and displays reflect the overall shift in product mix
toward portable Mac systems. Mac OS X sales have decreased from 2005 since the Company had not released a new version of Mac OS X since Tiger began shipping in April 2005. Total Mac unit sales
during 2006 remained relatively flat compared to 2005.
Retail
The Company opened 32 new retail stores during 2007, including a total of 5 international stores in the U.K. and Italy, bringing the total number of open stores to 197 as of
September 29, 2007. This compares to 165 open stores as of September 30, 2006 and 124 open stores as of September 24, 2005.
The
Retail segment's net sales increased by 27% to $4.1 billion during 2007 compared to 2006. Retail segment Mac unit sales increased 56% during 2007 as compared to 2006. With an average of 178
stores open during 2007, average revenue per store was $23.1 million, compared to $22.9 million in 2006 and $21.7 million in 2005. The current year increase in Retail segment net
sales was primarily due to stronger sales of Mac portable products, iMacs, accessories and services. The increase was partially offset primarily by lower net sales of iPods and other music related
products due to the expanded availability of those products through third-party resellers.
The
Retail segment's net sales increased by 42% to $3.3 billion during 2006 compared to 2005. Retail segment Mac unit sales increased 45% during 2006 compared to 2005. The current year increase
was primarily due to strong sales of Mac portable and desktop products, iPods, and other music related products and services. Sales of iPods increased primarily due to the introduction of the updated
iPod with video-playing capabilities in October 2005 and the iPod nano during September 2005. The increase in other music related products and services was due to increased sales of
Apple-branded and third-party iPod accessories. Mac portable and desktop sales increased due to strong sales of the Intel-based MacBook, MacBook Pro, and iMac.
As
measured by the Company's operating segment reporting, the Retail segment reported operating income of $875 million during 2007 as compared to operating income of $600 million and
$396 million during 2006 and 2005, respectively. This improvement in 2007 was primarily attributable to an increase in the Company's overall gross margin percentage.
Expansion
of the Retail segment has required and will continue to require a substantial investment in fixed assets and related infrastructure, operating lease commitments, personnel, and other
operating expenses.
46
Capital
asset purchases associated with the Retail segment were $294 million in 2007, bringing the total capital asset purchases since inception of the Retail segment to $1.0 billion. As
of September 29, 2007, the Retail segment had approximately 7,900 employees and had outstanding operating lease commitments associated with retail store space and related facilities of
$1.1 billion. The Company would incur substantial costs if it were to close multiple retail stores. Such costs could adversely affect the Company's financial condition and operating results.
Other Segments
The Company's Other Segments, which consists of its Asia Pacific and FileMaker operations, experienced an increase in net sales of $406 million, or 30% during 2007
compared to 2006. This increase related primarily to a 58% increase in sales of Mac portable products and strong iPod sales in the Company's Asia Pacific region.
During
2006, net sales in Other Segments increased 35% compared to 2005 primarily due to an increase in sales of iPod and Mac portable products. Strong sales growth was a result of the introduction of
the updated iPods featuring video-playing capabilities and the new Intel-based Mac portable products that translated to a 16% increase in Mac unit sales during 2006 compared to 2005.
Gross Margin
Gross margin for each of the last three fiscal years are as follows (in millions, except gross margin percentages):
|
|
September 29,
2007
|
|
September 30,
2006
|
|
September 24,
2005
|
|
| Net sales |
|
$ |
24,006 |
|
$ |
19,315 |
|
$ |
13,931 |
|
| Cost of sales |
|
|
15,852 |
|
|
13,717 |
|
|
9,889 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gross margin |
|
$ |
8,154 |
|
$ |
5,598 |
|
$ |
4,042 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gross margin percentage |
|
|
34.0 |
% |
|
29.0 |
% |
|
29.0 |
% |
Gross
margin percentage of 34.0% in 2007 increased significantly from 29.0% in 2006. The primary drivers of this increase were more favorable costs on certain commodity components, including NAND
flash memory and DRAM memory, higher overall revenue that provided for more leverage on fixed production costs and a higher percentage of revenue from the Company's direct sales channels.
The
Company anticipates that its gross margin and the gross margins of the personal computer, consumer electronics and mobile communication industries will be subject to pressure due to price
competition. The Company expects gross margin percentage to decline sequentially in the first quarter of 2008 primarily as a result of the full-quarter impact of product transitions and
reduced pricing that were effected in the fourth quarter of 2007, lower sales of iLife and iWork in their second quarter of availability, seasonally higher component costs, and a higher mix of
indirect sales. These factors are expected to be partially offset by higher sales of the Company's Mac OS X operating system due to the introduction of Mac OS X Version 10.5 Leopard ("Mac OS X
Leopard") that became available in October 2007.
The
foregoing statements regarding the Company's expected gross margin percentage are forward-looking. There can be no assurance that current gross margin percentage will be maintained or targeted
gross margin percentage levels will be achieved. In general, gross margins and margins on individual products will remain under downward pressure due to a variety of factors, including continued
industry wide global pricing pressures, increased competition, compressed product life cycles, potential increases in the cost and availability of raw material and outside manufacturing services, and
a potential shift in the Company's sales mix towards products with lower gross margins. In response to these competitive pressures, the Company expects it will continue to take pricing actions with
respect to its products. Gross margins could also be affected by the Company's ability to effectively manage product quality and warranty costs and to stimulate
47
demand
for certain of its products. Due to the Company's significant international operations, financial results can be significantly affected in the short-term by fluctuations in exchange
rates.
The
Company orders components for its products and builds inventory in advance of product shipments. Because the Company's markets are volatile and subject to rapid technology and price changes, there
is a risk the Company will forecast incorrectly and produce or order from third-parties excess or insufficient inventories of particular products or components. The Company's financial condition and
operating results in the past have been and may in the future be materially adversely affected by the Company's ability to manage its inventory levels and outstanding purchase commitments and to
respond to short-term shifts in customer demand patterns.
Gross
margin percentage of 29.0% in 2006 remained flat compared to 2005. The Company experienced more favorable pricing on certain commodity components including LCD flat-panel displays
and DRAM memory and higher overall revenue that provided for more leverage on fixed production costs, offset by an increase in lower margin iPod sales and other music-related services.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses for each of the last three fiscal years are as follows (in millions, except for percentages):
|
|
September 29,
2007
|
|
September 30,
2006
|
|
September 24,
2005
|
|
| Research and development |
|
$ |
782 |
|
$ |
712 |
|
$ |
535 |
|
| |
Percentage of net sales |
|
|
3 |
% |
|
4 |
% |
|
4 |
% |
| Selling, general, and administrative expenses |
|
$ |
2,963 |
|
$ |
2,433 |
|
$ |
1,864 |
|
| |
Percentage of net sales |
|
|
12 |
% |
|
13 |
% |
|
13 |
% |
Research and Development ("R&D")
Expenditures for R&D increased 10% or $70 million to $782 million in 2007 compared to 2006. R&D expense does not include capitalized software development costs of
$75 million related to the development of Mac OS X Leopard and iPhone. The increases in R&D expense were primarily due to an increase in R&D headcount in the current year to support expanded
R&D activities, partially offset by one less week of expenses in the first quarter of 2007 and the capitalized software development costs mentioned above. The Company continues to believe that focused
investments in R&D are critical to its future growth and competitive position in the marketplace and are directly related to timely development of new and enhanced products that are central to the
Company's core business strategy. As such, the Company expects to increase spending in R&D to remain competitive.
Selling, General, and Administrative Expense ("SG&A")
Expenditures for SG&A increased $530 million or 22% during 2007 compared to 2006. The increase was primarily due to higher direct and indirect channel variable selling
expenses resulting from the significant year-over-year increase in total net sales in 2007, the Company's continued expansion of its Retail segment in both domestic and
international markets, and a current year increase in spending on marketing and advertising, partially offset by one less week of expenses in the first quarter of 2007.
48
Other Income and Expense
Other income and expense for each of the last three fiscal years are as follows (in millions):
|
|
September 29,
2007
|
|
September 30,
2006
|
|
September 24,
2005
|
|
| Interest income |
|
$ |
647 |
|
$ |
394 |
|
$ |
183 |
|
| Other income (expense), net |
|
|
(48 |
) |
|
(29 |
) |
|
(18 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Total other income and expense |
|
$ |
599 |
|
$ |
365 |
|
$ |
165 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
other income and expense increased $234 million or 64% to $599 million during 2007 as compared to $365 million and $165 million in 2006 and 2005, respectively. The
increase in 2007 is attributable primarily to increased interest received from higher cash and short-term investment balances and stronger investment yields resulting from higher average
market interest rates partially offset by one less week of interest income earned in 2007. The weighted average interest rate earned by the Company on its cash, cash equivalents, and
short-term investments increased to 5.27% in 2007 as compared to the 4.58% and 2.70% rates earned during 2006 and 2005, respectively. The current year increase in interest income was
partially offset by higher other expense, which was primarily associated with higher foreign currency hedging expenses. During 2007, 2006 and 2005, the Company had no debt outstanding and accordingly
did not incur any interest expense.
Provision for Income Taxes
The Company's effective tax rate for the year ended September 29, 2007 was 30%. The Company's effective rate differs from the statutory federal income tax rate of 35%
due primarily to certain undistributed foreign earnings for which no U.S. taxes are provided because such earnings are intended to be indefinitely reinvested outside the U.S. In addition, the Company
recorded a tax benefit of $63 million due to the settlement of prior year audits in the U.S.
As
of September 29, 2007, the Company had deferred tax assets arising from deductible temporary differences, tax losses, and tax credits of $1.1 billion before being offset against
certain deferred liabilities and a valuation allowance for presentation on the Company's balance sheet. Management believes it is more likely than not that forecasted income, including income that may
be generated as a result of certain tax planning strategies, together with the tax effects of the deferred tax liabilities, will be sufficient to fully recover the remaining deferred tax assets. As of
September 29, 2007 and September 30, 2006 a valuation allowance of $5 million was recorded against the deferred tax asset for the benefits of state operating losses that may not
be realized. The Company will continue to evaluate the realizability of the deferred tax assets quarterly by assessing the need for and amount of the valuation allowance.
The
Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") has completed its field audit of the Company's federal income tax returns for the years 2002 through 2003 and proposed certain adjustments. The Company intends to
contest certain of these adjustments through the IRS Appeals Office. All IRS audit issues for years prior to 2002 have been resolved. In addition, the Company is subject to audits by state, local, and
foreign tax authorities. Management believes that adequate provision has been made for any adjustments that may result from tax examinations. However, the outcome of tax audits cannot be predicted
with certainty. Should any issues addressed in the Company's tax audits be resolved in a manner not consistent with management's expectations, the Company could be required to adjust its provision for
income tax in the period such resolution occurs.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and
Financial Liabilities-including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115 ("SFAS No. 159"). SFAS No. 159 allows companies to choose to elect measuring
eligible financial instruments and certain other items at fair value that are not required to be measured at fair value. SFAS
49
No. 159
requires that unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected be reported in earnings at each reporting date. SFAS No. 159 is effective for
fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and is required to be adopted by the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2009. Although the Company will continue to evaluate the
application of SFAS No. 159, management does not currently believe adoption will have a material impact on the Company's financial condition or operating results.
In
September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, which defines fair value, provides a framework for measuring
fair value, and expands the disclosures required for fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 applies to other accounting pronouncements that require fair value measurements; it does not require
any new fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and is required to be adopted by the Company beginning in the first quarter
of fiscal 2009. Although the Company will continue to evaluate the application of SFAS No. 157, management does not currently believe adoption will have a material impact on the Company's
financial condition or operating results.
In
June 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. ("FIN") 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes-an Interpretation of FASB Statement
No. 109. FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes by creating a framework for how companies should recognize, measure, present, and disclose in
their financial statements uncertain tax positions that they have taken or expect to take in a tax return. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006 and is required
to be adopted by the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2008. Although the Company will continue to evaluate the application of FIN 48, management does not currently believe adoption
will have a material impact on the Company's financial condition or operating results.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following table presents selected financial information and statistics for each of the last three fiscal years (dollars in millions):
|
|
September 29,
2007
|
|
September 30,
2006
|
|
September 24,
2005
|
| Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments |
|
$ |
15,386 |
|
$ |
10,110 |
|
$ |
8,261 |
| Accounts receivable, net |
|
$ |
1,637 |
|
$ |
1,252 |
|
$ |
895 |
| Inventory |
|
$ |
346 |
|
$ |
270 |
|
$ |
165 |
| Working capital |
|
$ |
12,657 |
|
$ |
8,066 |
|
$ |
6,813 |
| Annual operating cash flow |
|
$ |
5,470 |
|
$ |
2,220 |
|
$ |
2,535 |
As
of September 29, 2007, the Company had $15.4 billion in cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments, an increase of $5.3 billion over the same balance at the
end of September 30, 2006. The principal components of this net increase were cash generated by operating activities of $5.5 billion, proceeds from the issuance of common stock under
stock plans of $365 million and excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation of $377 million. These increases were partially offset by payments for acquisitions of property, plant,
and equipment of $735 million and payments for acquisitions of intangible assets of $251 million. The Company's short-term investment portfolio is primarily invested in
highly rated, liquid investments. As of September 29, 2007 and September 30, 2006, $6.5 billion and $4.1 billion, respectively, of the Company's cash, cash equivalents, and
short-term investments were held by foreign subsidiaries and are generally based in U.S. dollar-denominated holdings.
The
Company believes its existing balances of cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments will be sufficient to satisfy its working capital needs, capital expenditures, outstanding
commitments, and other liquidity requirements associated with its existing operations over the next 12 months.
50
Capital Assets
The Company's total capital asset purchases were $822 million during 2007, consisting of $294 million for retail store facilities and $528 million for real
estate acquisitions and corporate infrastructure including information systems enhancements. Of the $822 million in total capital asset purchases during 2007, $87 million were not yet
paid for as of September 29, 2007. The Company currently anticipates it will utilize approximately $1.1 billion for capital asset purchases during 2008, including approximately
$400 million for expansion of the Company's Retail segment, and approximately $700 million to support normal replacement of existing capital assets, including manufacturing related
equipment, enhancements to general information technology infrastructure, and real estate acquisitions.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations
The Company has not entered into any transactions with unconsolidated entities whereby the Company has financial guarantees, subordinated retained interests, derivative
instruments, or other contingent arrangements that expose the Company to material continuing risks, contingent liabilities, or any other obligation under a variable interest in an unconsolidated
entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk, or credit risk support to the Company.
The
following table presents certain payments due by the Company under contractual obligations with minimum firm commitments as of September 29, 2007 and excludes amounts already recorded on
the Company's balance sheet as current liabilities (in millions):
|
|
Total
|
|
Payments Due
in Less
Than 1 Year
|
|
Payments
Due in
1-3 Years
|
|
Payments
Due in
4-5 Years
|
|
Payments Due
in More
Than 5 Years
|
| Operating leases |
|
$ |
1,425 |
|
$ |
155 |
|
$ |
345 |
|
$ |
308 |
|
$ |
617 |
| Purchase obligations |
|
|
3,179 |
|
|
3,179 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Asset retirement obligations |
|
|
24 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
7 |
|
|
11 |
| Other obligations |
|
|
50 |
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Total |
|
$ |
4,678 |
|
$ |
3,387 |
|
$ |
348 |
|
$ |
315 |
|
$ |
628 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lease Commitments
As of September 29, 2007, the Company had total outstanding commitments on noncancelable operating leases of $1.4 billion, $1.1 billion of which related to
the lease of retail space and related facilities. Lease terms on the Company's existing major facility operating leases generally range from 3 to 15 years.
Purchase Commitments with Contract Manufacturers and Component Suppliers
The Company utilizes several contract manufacturers to manufacture sub-assemblies for the Company's products and to perform final assembly and test of finished
products. These contract manufacturers acquire components and build product based on demand information supplied by the Company, which typically covers periods ranging from 30 to 150 days. The
Company also obtains individual components for its products from a wide variety of individual suppliers. Consistent with industry practice, the Company acquires components through a combination of
purchase orders, supplier contracts, and open orders based on projected demand information. Such purchase commitments typically cover the Company's forecasted component and manufacturing requirements
for periods ranging from 30 to 150 days. In addition, the Company has an off-balance sheet warranty obligation for products accounted for under subscription accounting pursuant to
SOP No. 97-2 whereby the Company recognizes warranty expense as incurred. As of September 29, 2007, the Company had outstanding off-balance sheet third-party
manufacturing commitments, component purchase commitments, and warranty commitments of $3.2 billion.
During
the first quarter of 2006, the Company entered into long-term supply agreements with Hynix Semiconductor, Inc., Intel Corporation, Micron Technology, Inc., Samsung
Electronics Co., Ltd., and Toshiba Corporation to secure supply of NAND flash memory through calendar year 2010. As part of these
51
agreements,
the Company prepaid $1.25 billion for flash memory components during 2006, which will be applied to certain inventory purchases made over the life of each respective agreement. The
Company utilized $208 million of the prepayment as of September 29, 2007.
Asset Retirement Obligations
The Company's asset retirement obligations are associated with commitments to return property subject to operating leases to original condition upon lease termination. As of
September 29, 2007, the Company estimated that gross expected future cash flows of $24 million would be required to fulfill these obligations.
Other Obligations
Other outstanding obligations were $50 million as of September 29, 2007, primarily related to Internet and telecommunications services and the estimated cost
related to the $100 store credit the Company offered to customers who purchased an iPhone prior to the Company's September 2007 price reduction.
Indemnifications
The Company generally does not indemnify end-users of its operating system and application software against legal claims that the software infringes third-party
intellectual property rights. Other agreements entered into by the Company sometimes include indemnification provisions under which the Company could be subject to costs and/or damages in the event of
an infringement claim against the Company or an indemnified third-party. However, the Company has not been required to make any significant payments resulting from such an infringement claim asserted
against itself or an indemnified third-party and, in the opinion of management, does not have a liability related to unresolved infringement claims subject to indemnification that would have a
material adverse effect on its financial condition or operating results.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate and Foreign Currency Risk Management
The Company regularly reviews its foreign exchange forward and option positions, both on a stand-alone basis and in conjunction with its underlying foreign currency and
interest rate related exposures. However, given the effective horizons of the Company's risk management activities and the anticipatory nature of the exposures, there can be no assurance the hedges
will offset more than a portion of the financial impact resulting from movements in either foreign exchange or interest rates. In addition, the timing of the accounting for recognition of gains and
losses related to mark-to-market instruments for any given period may not coincide with the timing of gains and losses related to the underlying economic exposures and,
therefore, may adversely affect the Company's financial condition and operating results.
Interest Rate Risk
While the Company is exposed to interest rate fluctuations in many of the world's leading industrialized countries, the Company's interest income and expense is most sensitive
to fluctuations in the general
level of U.S. interest rates. As such, changes in U.S. interest rates affect the interest earned on the Company's cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments, the value of those
investments, as well as costs associated with foreign currency hedges.
The
Company's short-term investment policy and strategy is to ensure the preservation of capital, meet liquidity requirements, and optimize return in light of the current credit and
interest rate environment. A portion of the Company's cash is managed by external managers within the guidelines of the Company's investment policy and to an objective market benchmark. The Company's
internal portfolio is benchmarked against external manager performance, allowing for differences in liquidity needs.
The
Company's exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the Company's investment portfolio. The Company places its short-term investments in highly liquid
securities issued by highly rated issuers and, by policy, limits the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. The Company's
52
general
policy is to limit the risk of principal loss and ensure the safety of invested funds by limiting market and credit risk. All highly liquid investments with initial maturities of three months
or less at the date of purchase are classified as cash equivalents; highly liquid investments with initial maturities greater than three months at the date of purchase are classified as
short-term investments. As of September 29, 2007, $1.9 billion of the Company's short-term investments had underlying maturities ranging from 1 to 5 years.
The remainder all had underlying maturities of less than 12 months. The Company may sell its investments prior to their stated maturities for strategic purposes, in anticipation of credit
deterioration, or for duration management. The Company recognized net gains before taxes on short-term investments of approximately $474,000 in 2007 and net losses before taxes of
approximately $434,000 and $137,000 in 2006 and 2005, respectively.
To
provide a meaningful assessment of the interest rate risk associated with the Company's investment portfolio, the Company performed a sensitivity analysis to determine the impact a change in
interest rates would have on the value of the investment portfolio assuming a 100 basis point parallel shift in the yield curve. Based on investment positions as of September 29, 2007, a
hypothetical 100 basis point increase in interest rates across all maturities would result in $16 million incremental decline in the fair market value of the portfolio. As of
September 30, 2006, a similar 100 basis point shift in the yield curve would have resulted in a $15 million incremental decline in the fair market value of the portfolio. Such losses
would only be realized if the Company sold the investments prior to maturity.
Foreign Currency Risk
In general, the Company is a net receiver of currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Accordingly, changes in exchange rates, and in particular a strengthening of the U.S.
dollar, may negatively affect the
Company's net sales and gross margins as expressed in U.S. dollars. There is also a risk that the Company will have to adjust local currency product pricing due to competitive pressures when there has
been significant volatility in foreign currency exchange rates.
The
Company may enter into foreign currency forward and option contracts with financial institutions to protect against foreign exchange risks associated with existing assets and liabilities, certain
firmly committed transactions, forecasted future cash flows, and net investments in foreign subsidiaries. Generally, the Company's practice is to hedge a majority of its material foreign exchange
exposures. However, the Company may choose not to hedge certain foreign exchange exposures due to immateriality, prohibitive economic cost of hedging particular exposures, and/or limited availability
of appropriate hedging instruments.
To
provide a meaningful assessment of the foreign currency risk associated with certain of the Company's foreign currency derivative positions, the Company performed a sensitivity analysis using a
value-at-risk ("VAR") model to assess the potential impact of fluctuations in exchange rates. The VAR model consisted of using a Monte Carlo simulation to generate 3,000 random
market price paths. The VAR is the maximum expected loss in fair value, for a given confidence interval, to the Company's foreign exchange portfolio due to adverse movements in rates. The VAR model is
not intended to represent actual losses but is used as a risk estimation and management tool. The model assumes normal market conditions. Forecasted transactions, firm commitments, and assets and
liabilities denominated in foreign currencies were excluded from the model. Based on the results of the model, the Company estimates with 95% confidence a maximum one-day loss in fair
value of $12.8 million as of September 29, 2007 compared to a maximum one-day loss of $9.2 million as of September 30, 2006. Because the Company uses foreign
currency instruments for hedging purposes, losses incurred on those instruments are generally offset by increases in the fair value of the underlying exposures.
Actual
future gains and losses associated with the Company's investment portfolio and derivative positions may differ materially from the sensitivity analyses performed as of September 29, 2007
due to the inherent limitations associated with predicting the changes in the timing and amount of interest rates, foreign currency exchanges rates, and the Company's actual exposures and positions.
53
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
|
Page
|
| |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 29, 2007 and September 30, 2006 |
|
55 |
| |
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three fiscal years ended September 29, 2007 |
|
56 |
| |
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the three fiscal years ended September 29, 2007 |
|
57 |
| |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three fiscal years ended September 29, 2007 |
|
58 |
| |
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |
|
59 |
| |
Selected Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) |
|
90 |
| |
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, KPMG LLP |
|
91 |
All
financial statement schedules have been omitted, since the required information is not applicable or is not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule, or because the
information required is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto.
54
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions, except share amounts)
|
|
September 29, 2007
|
|
September 30, 2006
|
| ASSETS: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Current assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
$ |
9,352 |
|
$ |
6,392 |
| |
Short-term investments |
|
|
6,034 |
|
|
3,718 |
| |
Accounts receivable, less allowances of $47 and $52, respectively |
|
|
1,637 |
|
|
1,252 |
| |
Inventories |
|
|
346 |
|
|
270 |
| |
Deferred tax assets |
|
|
782 |
|
|
607 |
| |
Other current assets |
|
|
3,805 |
|
|
2,270 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Total current assets |
|
|
21,956 |
|
|
14,509 |
| |
Property, plant, and equipment, net |
|
|
1,832 |
|
|
1,281 |
| |
Goodwill |
|
|
38 |
|
|
38 |
| |
Acquired intangible assets, net |
|
|
299 |
|
|
139 |
| |
Other assets |
|
|
1,222 |
|
|
1,238 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Total assets |
|
$ |
25,347 |
|
$ |
17,205 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Current liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Accounts payable |
|
$ |
4,970 |
|
$ |
3,390 |
| |
Accrued expenses |
|
|
4,329 |
|
|
3,053 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Total current liabilities |
|
|
9,299 |
|
|
6,443 |
| Non-current liabilities |
|
|
1,516 |
|
|
778 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Total liabilities |
|
|
10,815 |
|
|
7,221 |
| |
|
|
|
|
Commitments and contingencies |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders' equity: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Common stock, no par value; 1,800,000,000 shares authorized; 872,328,972 and 855,262,568 shares issued and outstanding, respectively |
|
|
5,368 |
|
|
4,355 |
| |
Retained earnings |
|
|
9,101 |
|
|
5,607 |
| |
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
|
|
63 |
|
|
22 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Total shareholders' equity |
|
|
14,532 |
|
|
9,984 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity |
|
$ |
25,347 |
|
$ |
17,205 |
| |
|
|
|
|
See
accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
55
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)
Three fiscal years ended September 29, 2007
|
|
2007
|
|
2006
|
|
2005
|
| Net sales |
|
$ |
24,006 |
|
$ |
19,315 |
|
$ |
13,931 |
| Cost of sales (1) |
|
|
15,852 |
|
|
13,717 |
|
|
9,889 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Gross margin |
|
|
8,154 |
|
|
5,598 |
|
|
4,042 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Research and development (1) |
|
|
782 |
|
|
712 |
|
|
535 |
| |
Selling, general, and administrative (1) |
|
|
2,963 |
|
|
2,433 |
|
|
1,864 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Total operating expenses |
|
|
3,745 |
|
|
3,145 |
|
|
2,399 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Operating income |
|
|
4,409 |
|
|
2,453 |
|
|
1,643 |
| Other income and expense |
|
|
599 |
|
|
365 |
|
|
165 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Income before provision for income taxes |
|
|
5,008 |
|
|
2,818 |
|
|
1,808 |
| Provision for income taxes |
|
|
1,512 |
|
|
829 |
|
|
480 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Net income |
|
$ |
3,496 |
|
$ |
1,989 |
|
$ |
1,328 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Earnings per common share: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Basic |
|
$ |
4.04 |
|
$ |
2.36 |
|
$ |
1.64 |
| |
|
Diluted |
|
$ |
3.93 |
|
$ |
2.27 |
|
$ |
1.55 |
Shares used in computing earnings per share (in thousands): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Basic |
|
|
864,595 |
|
|
844,058 |
|
|
808,439 |
| |
|
Diluted |
|
|
889,292 |
|
|
877,526 |
|
|
856,878 |
- (1)
- Includes
stock-based compensation expense, which was allocated as follows:
| Cost of sales |
|
$ |
35 |
|
$ |
21 |
|
$ |
3 |
| Research and development |
|
$ |
77 |
|
$ |
53 |
|
$ |
7 |
| Selling, general, and administrative |
|
$ |
130 |
|
$ |
89 |
|
$ |
39 |
See
accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
56
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(In millions, except share amounts which are in thousands)
|
|
Common Stock
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred Stock
Compensation
|
|
Retained
Earnings
|
|
Total
Shareholders'
Equity
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
Amount
|
|
| |
Balances as of September 25, 2004 |
|
782,887 |
|
$ |
2,582 |
|
$ |
(101 |
) |
$ |
2,597 |
|
$ |
(15 |
) |
$ |
5,063 |
|
| |
|
Components of comprehensive income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Net income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,328 |
|
|
|
|
|
1,328 |
|
| |
|
|
Change in foreign currency translation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
7 |
|
| |
|
|
Change in unrealized gain on derivative instruments, net of tax |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
8 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Total comprehensive income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,343 |
|
| |
|
Issuance of stock-based compensation awards |
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Stock-based compensation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
47 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
47 |
|
| |
|
Common stock issued under stock plans |
|
52,132 |
|
|
547 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
547 |
|
| |
|
Tax benefit from employee stock plan awards |
|
|
|
|
428 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
428 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Balances as of September 24, 2005 |
|
835,019 |
|
|
3,564 |
|
|
(61 |
) |
|
3,925 |
|
|
|
|
|
7,428 |
|
| |
|
Components of comprehensive income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Net income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,989 |
|
|
|
|
|
1,989 |
|
| |
|
|
Change in foreign currency translation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
19 |
|
| |
|
|
Change in unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net of tax |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
4 |
|
| |
|
|
Change in unrealized gain on derivative instruments, net of tax |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
(1 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Total comprehensive income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,011 |
|
| |
|
Common stock repurchased |
|
(4,574 |
) |
|
(48 |
) |
|
|
|
|
(307 |
) |
|
|
|
|
(355 |
) |
| |
|
Stock-based compensation |
|
|
|
|
163 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
163 |
|
| |
|
Deferred compensation |
|
|
|
|
(61 |
) |
|
61 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Common stock issued under stock plans |
|
24,818 |
|
|
318 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
318 |
|
| |
|
Tax benefit from employee stock plan awards |
|
|
|
|
419 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
419 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Balances as of September 30, 2006 |
|
855,263 |
|
|
4,355 |
|
|
|
|
|
5,607 |
|
|
22 |
|
|
9,984 |
|
| |
|
Components of comprehensive income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Net income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,496 |
|
|
|
|
|
3,496 |
|
| |
|
|
Change in foreign currency translation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
51 |
|
|
51 |
|
| |
|
|
Change in unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net of tax |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
(7 |
) |
| |
|
|
Change in unrealized loss on derivative instruments, net of tax |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
(3 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Total comprehensive income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,537 |
|
| |
|
Stock-based compensation |
|
|
|
|
251 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
251 |
|
| |
|
Common stock issued under stock plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes |
|
17,066 |
|
|
364 |
|
|
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
362 |
|
| |
|
Tax benefit from employee stock plan awards |
|
|
|
|
398 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
398 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Balances as of September 29, 2007 |
|
872,329 |
|
$ |
5,368 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
9,101 |
|
$ |
63 |
|
$ |
14,532 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
57
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
Three fiscal years ended September 29, 2007
|
|
2007
|
|
2006
|
|
2005
|
|
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the year |
|
$ |
6,392 |
|
$ |
3,491 |
|
$ |
2,969 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Operating Activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Net income |
|
|
3,496 |
|
|
1,989 |
|
|
1,328 |
|
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash generated by operating activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Depreciation, amortization and accretion |
|
|
317 |
|
|
225 |
|
|
179 |
|
| |
Stock-based compensation expense |
|
|
242 |
|
|
163 |
|
|
49 |
|
| |
Provision for deferred income taxes |
|
|
78 |
|
|
53 |
|
|
50 |
|
| |
Excess tax benefits from stock options |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
428 |
|
| |
Gain on sale of PowerSchool net assets |
|
|
|
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
|
| |
Loss on disposition of property, plant, and equipment |
|
|
12 |
|
|
15 |
|
|
9 |
|
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Accounts receivable, net |
|
|
(385 |
) |
|
(357 |
) |
|
(121 |
) |
| |
Inventories |
|
|
(76 |
) |
|
(105 |
) |
|
(64 |
) |
| |
Other current assets |
|
|
(1,540 |
) |
|
(1,626 |
) |
|
(150 |
) |
| |
Other assets |
|
|
81 |
|
|
(1,040 |
) |
|
(35 |
) |
| |
Accounts payable |
|
|
1,494 |
|
|
1,611 |
|
|
328 |
|
| |
Other liabilities |
|
|
1,751 |
|
|
1,296 |
|
|
534 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Cash generated by operating activities |
|
|
5,470 |
|
|
2,220 |
|
|
2,535 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Investing Activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Purchases of short-term investments |
|
|
(11,719 |
) |
|
(7,255 |
) |
|
(11,470 |
) |
| |
Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments |
|
|
6,483 |
|
|
7,226 |
|
|
8,609 |
|
| |
Proceeds from sales of investments |
|
|
2,941 |
|
|
1,086 |
|
|
586 |
|
| |
Purchases of long-term investments |
|
|
(17 |
) |
|
(25 |
) |
|
|
|
| |
Proceeds from sale of PowerSchool net assets |
|
|
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Payment for acquisition of property, plant, and equipment |
|
|
(735 |
) |
|
(657 |
) |
|
(260 |
) |
| |
Payment for acquisition of intangible assets |
|
|
(251 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Other |
|
|
49 |
|
|
(58 |
) |
|
(21 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Cash (used for) generated by investing activities |
|
|
(3,249 |
) |
|
357 |
|
|
(2,556 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Financing Activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock |
|
|
365 |
|
|
318 |
|
|
543 |
|
| |
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation |
|
|
377 |
|
|
361 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Repurchases of common stock |
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
(355 |
) |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Cash generated by financing activities |
|
|
739 |
|
|
324 |
|
|
543 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Increase in cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
2,960 |
|
|
2,901 |
|
|
522 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of the year |
|
$ |
9,352 |
|
$ |
6,392 |
|
$ |
3,491 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Supplemental cash flow disclosures: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Cash paid for income taxes, net |
|
$ |
863 |
|
$ |
194 |
|
$ |
17 |
|
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
58
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Apple Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively "Apple" or the "Company") design, manufacture, and market personal computers, portable digital music players,
and mobile communication devices and sells a variety of related software, services, peripherals, and networking solutions. The Company sells its products worldwide through its online stores, its
retail stores, its direct sales force, and third-party wholesalers, resellers, and value-added resellers. In addition, the Company sells a variety of third-party Mac, iPod and iPhone compatible
products including application software, printers, storage devices, speakers, headphones, and various other accessories and supplies through its online and retail stores. The Company sells to
education, consumer, creative professional, business, and government customers.
Basis of Presentation and Preparation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The preparation of these
consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these
consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Certain prior year amounts in the consolidated financial statements and notes
thereto have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
The
Company's fiscal year is the 52 or 53-week period that ends on the last Saturday of September. The Company's first quarter of fiscal year 2007 contained 13 weeks and the first quarter
of fiscal year 2006 contained 14 weeks. The Company's fiscal year 2007 ended on September 29, 2007 and included 52 weeks, while fiscal year 2006 included 53 weeks and fiscal year 2005 included
52 weeks. Unless otherwise stated, references to particular years or quarters refer to the Company's fiscal years ended in September and the associated quarters of those fiscal years.
Financial Instruments
Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments
All highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase are classified as cash equivalents. Highly liquid investments with maturities
greater than three months at the date of purchase are classified as short-term investments. The Company's debt and marketable equity securities have been classified and accounted for as
available-for-sale. Management determines the appropriate classification of its investments in debt and marketable equity securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates the
available-for-sale designations as of each balance sheet date. These securities are carried at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, reported as a
component of shareholders' equity. The cost of securities sold is based upon the specific identification method.
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company accounts for its derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities and carries them at fair value. Derivatives that are not defined as hedges in Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended, must be adjusted to
fair value through earnings.
For
derivative instruments that hedge the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that are designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative
instrument is reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders' equity and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction
affects
59
earnings.
The ineffective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is recognized in current earnings. To receive hedge accounting treatment, cash flow hedges must be highly effective
in offsetting changes to expected future cash flows on hedged transactions. For derivative instruments that hedge the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset or a liability and that are
designated as fair value hedges, the net gain or loss on the derivative instrument as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in earnings
in the current period. The net gain or loss on the effective portion of a derivative instrument that is designated as an economic hedge of the foreign currency translation exposure of the net
investment in a foreign operation is reported in the same manner as a foreign currency translation adjustment. For forward contracts designated as net investment hedges, the Company excludes changes
in fair value relating to changes in the forward carry component from its definition of effectiveness. Accordingly, any gains or losses related to this component are recognized in current earnings.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, computed using the first-in, first-out method, or market. If the cost of the inventories exceeds their
market value, provisions are made currently for the difference between the cost and the market value. The Company's inventories consist primarily of finished goods for all periods presented.
Property, Plant, and Equipment
Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed by use of the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which
for buildings is the lesser of 30 years or the remaining life of the underlying building, up to 5 years for equipment, and the shorter of lease terms or 10 years for leasehold
improvements. The Company capitalizes eligible costs to acquire or develop internal-use software that are incurred subsequent to the preliminary project stage. Capitalized costs related to
internal-use software are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from 3 to 5 years. Depreciation and
amortization expense on property and equipment was $249 million, $180 million, and $141 million during 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively.
Asset Retirement Obligations
The Company records obligations associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets and the associated asset retirement costs in accordance with SFAS
No. 143, Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations. The Company reviews legal obligations associated with the retirement of
long-lived assets that result from the acquisition, construction, development and/or normal use of the assets. If it is determined that a legal obligation exists, the fair value of the
liability for an asset retirement obligation is recognized in the period in which it is incurred if a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. The fair value of the liability is added to the
carrying amount of the associated asset and this additional carrying amount is depreciated over the life of the asset. The difference between the gross expected future cash flow and its present value
is accreted over the life of the related lease as an operating expense. All of the Company's existing asset retirement obligations are associated with commitments to return property subject to
operating leases to original condition upon lease termination. The Company's asset retirement liability was $18 million and $15 million as of September 29, 2007 and
September 30, 2006, respectively.
Long-Lived Assets Including Goodwill and Other Acquired Intangible Assets
The Company reviews property, plant, and equipment and certain identifiable intangibles, excluding goodwill, for impairment in accordance with SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived
60
Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of. Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate
the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is measured by comparison of its carrying amount to future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to
generate. If property, plant, and equipment and certain identifiable intangibles are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized equals the amount by which the carrying value of the
assets exceeds its fair market value. The Company did not record any material impairments during 2007, 2006, and 2005.
SFAS
No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets requires that goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives should not be
amortized but rather be tested for impairment at least annually or sooner whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that they may be impaired. The Company performs its goodwill impairment
tests on or about August 31 of each year. The Company did not recognize any goodwill or intangible asset impairment charges in 2007, 2006, or 2005. The Company established reporting units based
on its current reporting structure. For purposes of testing goodwill for impairment, goodwill has been allocated to these reporting units to the extent it relates to each reporting unit.
SFAS
No. 142 also requires that intangible assets with definite lives be amortized over their estimated useful lives and reviewed for impairment in accordance with SFAS No. 144. The
Company is currently amortizing its acquired intangible assets with definite lives over periods ranging from 2 to 10 years.
Foreign Currency Translation
The Company translates the assets and liabilities of its international non-U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiaries into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in
effect at the end of each period. Revenue and expenses for these subsidiaries are translated using rates that approximate those in effect during the period. Gains and losses from these translations
are credited or charged to foreign currency translation included in "accumulated other comprehensive income" in shareholders' equity. The Company's foreign manufacturing subsidiaries and certain other
international subsidiaries that use the U.S. dollar as their functional currency remeasure monetary assets and liabilities at exchange rates in effect at the end of each period, and inventories,
property, and nonmonetary assets and liabilities at historical rates. Gains and losses from these translations were insignificant and have been included in the Company's results of operations.
Revenue Recognition
Net sales consist primarily of revenue from the sale of hardware, software, music products, digital content, peripherals, and service and support contracts. For any product
within these groups that either is software, or is considered software-related in accordance with the guidance in Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") No. 03-5, Applicability of AICPA Statement of Position 97-2 to
Non-Software Deliverables in an Arrangement Containing More-Than-Incidental
Software (e.g., Macintosh computers and iPod portable digital music players), the Company accounts for such products in accordance with the revenue recognition provisions of
American Institute of Certified Public Accountants ("AICPA") Statement of Position ("SOP") No. 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition.
The Company applies Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") No. 104, Revenue Recognition, for products that are not software or software-related, such
as digital content sold on the iTunes Store and certain Mac, iPod and iPhone supplies and accessories.
The
Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collection is probable. Product is considered
delivered to the customer once it has been shipped and title and risk of loss have been transferred. For
61
most
of the Company's product sales, these criteria are met at the time the product is shipped. For online sales to individuals, for some sales to education customers in the U.S., and for certain
other sales, the Company defers revenue until the customer receives the product because the Company legally retains a portion of the risk of loss on these sales during transit. If at the outset of an
arrangement the Company determines the arrangement fee is not, or is presumed not to be, fixed or determinable, revenue is deferred and subsequently recognized as amounts become due and payable.
Revenue
from service and support contracts is deferred and recognized ratably over the service coverage periods. These contracts typically include extended phone support, repair services,
web-based support resources, diagnostic tools, and extend the service coverage offered under the Company's one-year limited warranty.
The
Company sells software and peripheral products obtained from other companies. The Company establishes its own pricing and retains related inventory risk, is the primary obligor in sales
transactions with its customers, and assumes the credit risk for amounts billed to its customers. Accordingly, the Company recognizes revenue for the sale of products obtained from other companies
based on the gross amount billed.
The
Company accounts for multiple element arrangements that consist only of software or software-related products in accordance with SOP No. 97-2. If a multiple-element arrangement
includes deliverables that are neither software nor software-related, the Company applies EITF No. 00-21, Revenue Arrangements with Multiple
Deliverables, to determine if those deliverables constitute separate units of accounting from the SOP No. 97-2 deliverables. If the Company can separate the
deliverables, the Company applies SOP No. 97-2 to the software and software-related deliverables and applies other appropriate guidance (e.g., SAB No. 104) to the
deliverables outside the scope of SOP No. 97-2. Revenue on arrangements that include multiple elements such as hardware, software, and services is allocated to each element based on
the relative fair value of each element. Each element's allocated revenue is recognized when the revenue recognition criteria for that element have been met. Fair value is generally determined by
vendor specific objective evidence ("VSOE"), which is based on the price charged when each element is sold separately. If the Company cannot objectively determine the fair value of any undelivered
element included in a multiple-element arrangement, the Company defers revenue until all elements are delivered and services have been performed, or until fair value can objectively be determined for
any remaining undelivered elements. When the fair value of a delivered element has not been established, the Company uses the residual method to recognize revenue if the fair value of all undelivered
elements is determinable. Under the residual method, the fair value of the undelivered elements is deferred and the remaining portion of the arrangement fee is allocated to the delivered elements and
is recognized as revenue.
The
Company records reductions to revenue for estimated commitments related to price protection and for customer incentive programs, including reseller and end-user rebates, and other
sales programs and volume-based incentives. The estimated cost of these programs is accrued as a reduction to revenue in the period the Company has sold the product and committed to a plan. The
Company also records reductions to revenue for expected future product returns based on the Company's historical experience. Revenue is recorded net of taxes collected from customers that are remitted
to governmental authorities, with the collected taxes recorded as current liabilities until remitted to the relevant government authority.
Generally,
the Company does not offer specified or unspecified upgrade rights to its customers in connection with software sales or the sale of extended warranty and support contracts. When the
Company does offer specified upgrade rights, the Company defers revenue for the fair value of the specified upgrade
62
right
until the future obligation is fulfilled or when the right to the specified upgrade expires. Additionally, a limited number of the Company's software products are available with maintenance
agreements that grant customers rights to unspecified future upgrades over the maintenance term on a when and if available basis. Revenue associated with such maintenance is recognized ratably over
the maintenance term.
In
March 2007, the Company began shipping Apple TV and in June 2007 began shipping iPhone. For Apple TV and iPhone, the Company indicated it may provide future unspecified features and
additional software products free of charge to customers. Accordingly, Apple TV and iPhone handsets sales are accounted for under subscription accounting in accordance with SOP
No. 97-2. As such, the Company's policy is to defer the associated revenue and cost of goods sold at the time of sale, and recognize both on a straight-line basis over
the currently estimated 24-month economic life of these products, with any loss recognized at the time of sale. Costs incurred by the Company for engineering, sales, marketing and warranty
are expensed as incurred.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The Company records its allowance for doubtful accounts based upon its assessment of various factors. The Company considers historical experience, the age of the accounts
receivable balances, credit quality of the Company's customers, current economic conditions, and other factors that may affect customers' ability to pay.
Shipping Costs
For all periods presented, amounts billed to customers related to shipping and handling are classified as revenue, and the Company's shipping and handling costs are included in
cost of sales.
Warranty Expense
The Company generally provides for the estimated cost of hardware and software warranties at the time the related revenue is recognized. The Company assesses the adequacy of
its preexisting warranty liabilities and adjusts the amounts as necessary based on actual experience and changes in future estimates. For products accounted for under subscription accounting pursuant
to SOP No. 97-2, the Company recognizes warranty expense as incurred.
Software Development Costs
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Development costs of computer software to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed are subject to capitalization
beginning when a product's technological feasibility has been established and ending when a product is available for general release to customers pursuant to SFAS No. 86, Computer Software to be Sold, Leased, or Otherwise
Marketed. In most instances, the Company's products are released soon after technological feasibility
has been established. Therefore, costs incurred subsequent to achievement of technological feasibility are usually not significant, and generally most software development costs have been expensed.
In
2007, the Company determined that both Mac OS X Version 10.5 Leopard ("Mac OS X Leopard") and iPhone achieved technological feasibility. During 2007, the Company capitalized $75 million of
costs associated with the development of Leopard and iPhone. In accordance with SFAS No. 86, the capitalized costs related to Mac OS X Leopard and iPhone are amortized to cost of
sales commencing when each respective product begins shipping and are recognized on a straight-line basis over a 3 year estimated useful life of the underlying technology.
63
Total
amortization related to capitalized software development costs was $13 million, $18 million, and $16 million in 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively.
Advertising Costs
Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense was $467 million, $338 million, and $287 million for 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively.
Stock-Based Compensation
On September 25, 2005, the Company adopted SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004) ("SFAS No. 123R"), Share-Based
Payment, which addresses the accounting for stock-based payment transactions in which an enterprise receives employee services in exchange for (a) equity instruments of
the enterprise or (b) liabilities that are based on the fair value of the enterprise's equity instruments or that may be settled by the issuance of such equity instruments. In
January 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") issued SAB No. 107, which provides supplemental implementation guidance for SFAS No. 123R. SFAS No. 123R
eliminates the ability to account for stock-based compensation transactions using the intrinsic value method under Accounting Principles Board ("APB") Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to
Employees, and instead generally requires that such transactions be accounted for using a fair-value-based
method. The Company uses the Black-Scholes-Merton ("BSM") option-pricing model to determine the fair-value of stock-based awards under SFAS No. 123R, consistent with that used for
pro forma disclosures under SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation.
SFAS
No. 123R prohibits recognition of a deferred tax asset for an excess tax benefit that has not been realized. The Company will recognize a benefit from stock-based compensation in equity if
an incremental tax benefit is realized by following the ordering provisions of the tax law. In addition, the Company accounts for the indirect effects of stock-based compensation on the research tax
credit, the foreign tax credit, and the domestic manufacturing deduction through the income statement.
Prior
to the adoption of SFAS No. 123R, the Company measured compensation expense for its employee stock-based compensation plans using the intrinsic value method prescribed by APB Opinion
No. 25. The Company applied the disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 123 as amended by SFAS No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based
CompensationTransition and Disclosure, as if the fair-value-based method had been applied in measuring compensation expense. Under APB Opinion
No. 25, when the exercise price of the Company's employee stock options was equal to the market price of the underlying stock on the date of the grant, no compensation expense was recognized.
64
The
following table illustrates the effect on net income after taxes and net income per common share as if the Company had applied the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123 to
stock-based compensation during 2005 (in millions, except per share amounts):
|
|
2005
|
|
| Net income |
|
$ |
1,328 |
|
Add: Stock-based employee compensation expense included in reported net income, net of tax |
|
|
45 |
|
| Deduct: Stock-based employee compensation expense determined under the fair value based method for all awards, net of tax |
|
|
(118 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
| Net incomepro forma |
|
$ |
1,255 |
|
| |
|
|
|
| Net income per common share |
|
|
|
|
| |
Basic |
|
$ |
1.64 |
|
| |
Diluted |
|
$ |
1.55 |
|
Net income per common sharepro forma |
|
|
|
|
| |
Basic |
|
$ |
1.55 |
|
| |
Diluted |
|
$ |
1.47 |
|
Further
information regarding stock-based compensation can be found in Notes 6 and 7.
Earnings Per Common Share
Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the
period. Diluted earnings per common share is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period
increased to include the number of additional shares of common stock that would have been outstanding if the dilutive potential shares of common stock had been issued. The dilutive effect of
outstanding options, shares to be purchased under the employee stock purchase plan, unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units ("RSUs") is reflected in diluted earnings per share by
application of the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, an increase in the fair market value of the Company's common stock can result in a greater dilutive effect from outstanding
options, restricted stock, and RSUs. Additionally, the exercise of employee stock options and the vesting of restricted stock and RSUs can result in a greater dilutive effect on earnings per share.
65
The
following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except net income and per share amounts):
Three fiscal years ended September 29, 2007
|
|
2007
|
|
2006
|
|
2005
|
| Numerator (in millions): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Net income |
|
$ |
3,496 |
|
$ |
1,989 |
|
$ |
1,328 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Denominator (in thousands): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Weighted-average shares outstanding, excluding unvested restricted stock |
|
|
864,595 |
|
|
844,058 |
|
|
808,439 |
| |
Effect of dilutive securities |
|
|
24,697 |
|
|
33,468 |
|
|
48,439 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Denominator for diluted earnings per share |
|
|
889,292 |
|
|
877,526 |
|
|
856,878 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Basic earnings per share |
|
$ |
4.04 |
|
$ |
2.36 |
|
$ |
1.64 |
Diluted earnings per share |
|
$ |
3.93 |
|
$ |
2.27 |
|
$ |
1.55 |
Potentially
dilutive securities representing 13.7 million, 3.9 million, and 12.7 million shares of common stock for the years ended September 29, 2007, September 30,
2006, and September 24, 2005, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share for these periods because their effect would have been antidilutive. These
potentially dilutive securities include stock options, unvested restricted stock, and RSUs.
Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income consists of two components, net income and other comprehensive income. Other comprehensive income refers to revenue, expenses, gains, and losses that under
U.S. generally accepted accounting principles are recorded as an element of shareholders' equity but are excluded from net income. The Company's other comprehensive income consists of foreign currency
translation adjustments from those subsidiaries not using the U.S. dollar as their functional currency, unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities categorized as
available-for-sale, and net deferred gains and losses on certain derivative instruments accounted for as cash flow hedges.
Segment Information
The Company reports segment information based on the "management" approach. The management approach designates the internal reporting used by management for making decisions
and assessing performance as the source of the Company's reportable segments. Information about the Company's products, major customers, and geographic areas on a company-wide basis is
also disclosed.
66
Note 2Financial Instruments
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments
The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company's cash and available-for-sale securities held in its short-term investment
portfolio, recorded as cash and cash equivalents or short-term investments (in millions):
|
|
September 29, 2007
|
|
September 30, 2006
|
| Cash |
|
$ |
256 |
|
$ |
200 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| U.S. Treasury and Agency securities |
|
|
670 |
|
|
52 |
| U.S. Corporate securities |
|
|
5,597 |
|
|
4,309 |
| Foreign securities |
|
|
2,829 |
|
|
1,831 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
Total cash equivalents |
|
|
9,096 |
|
|
6,192 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| U.S. Treasury and Agency securities |
|
|
358 |
|
|
447 |
| U.S. Corporate securities |
|
|
4,718 |
|
|
2,701 |
| Foreign securities |
|
|
958 |
|
|
570 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
Total short-term investments |
|
|
6,034 |
|
|
3,718 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
Total cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments |
|
$ |
15,386 |
|
$ |
10,110 |
| |
|
|
|
|
The
Company's U.S. Corporate securities consist primarily of commercial paper, certificates of deposit, time deposits, and corporate debt securities. Foreign securities consist primarily of foreign
commercial paper issued by foreign companies, and certificates of deposit and time deposits with foreign institutions, most of which are denominated in U.S. dollars. The Company had $11 million
in net unrealized losses on its investment portfolio, primarily related to investments with stated maturities ranging from 1 to 5 years, as of September 29, 2007, and net unrealized
losses of approximately $687,000 on its investment portfolio, primarily related to investments with stated maturities less than 1 year, as of September 30, 2006. The Company may sell its
investments prior to their stated maturities for strategic purposes, in anticipation of credit deterioration, or for duration management. The Company recognized net gains before taxes of approximately
$474,000 in 2007 and net losses before taxes of approximately $434,000 and $137,000 in 2006 and 2005, respectively.
As
of September 29, 2007 and September 30, 2006, $1.9 billion and $921 million, respectively, of the Company's short-term investments had underlying maturities
ranging from 1 to 5 years. The remaining short-term investments as of September 29, 2007 and September 30, 2006 had maturities less than 12 months.
In
accordance with FASB Staff Position ("FSP") FAS 115-1 and FAS 124-1, The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary
Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments, the following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair value for those investments that were in an unrealized
loss position as of
67
September 29,
2007 and September 30, 2006, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position
(in millions):
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
Less than 12 Months
|
|
12 Months or Greater
|
|
Total
|
|
Security Description
|
|
Fair
Value
|
|
Unrealized
Loss
|
|
Fair
Value
|
|
Unrealized
Loss
|
|
Fair
Value
|
|
Unrealized
Loss
|
|
| U.S. Treasury and Agency securities |
|
$ |
338 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
338 |
|
$ |
|
|
| U.S. Corporate securities |
|
|
2,521 |
|
|
(12 |
) |
|
32 |
|
|
|
|
|
2,553 |
|
|
(12 |
) |
| Foreign securities |
|
|
474 |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
482 |
|
|
(1 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Total |
|
$ |
3,333 |
|
$ |
(13 |
) |
$ |
40 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
3,373 |
|
$ |
(13 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
Less than 12 Months
|
|
12 Months or Greater
|
|
Total
|
|
Security Description
|
|
Fair
Value
|
|
Unrealized
Loss
|
|
Fair
Value
|
|
Unrealized
Loss
|
|
Fair
Value
|
|
Unrealized
Loss
|
|
| U.S. Treasury and Agency securities |
|
$ |
234 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
26 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
260 |
|
$ |
|
|
| U.S. Corporate securities |
|
|
943 |
|
|
|
|
|
102 |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
1,045 |
|
|
(1 |
) |
| Foreign securities |
|
|
164 |
|
|
|
|
|
34 |
|
|
|
|
|
198 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Total |
|
$ |
1,341 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
162 |
|
$ |
(1 |
) |
$ |
1,503 |
|
$ |
(1 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
unrealized losses on the Company's investments during 2007 in U.S. Corporate securities and foreign securities and during 2006 in U.S. Corporate securities were caused primarily by changes in
interest rates. The Company typically invests in highly-rated securities with strong liquidity and with low probabilities of default. The Company's investment policy requires investments to be rated
single-A or better. Therefore, the Company considers the declines to be temporary in nature. During 2007, the Company did not record any material impairment on outstanding securities. As
of September 29, 2007, the Company does not consider the investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired.
Market
values were determined for each individual security in the investment portfolio. When evaluating the investments for other-than-temporary impairment, the Company reviews
factors such as the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below cost basis, the financial condition of the issuer, and the Company's ability and intent to hold the investment for a
period of time, which may be sufficient for anticipated recovery in market value.
Accounts Receivable
Trade Receivables
The Company distributes its products through third-party distributors and resellers and directly to certain education, consumer, and commercial customers. The Company generally
does not require collateral from its customers; however, the Company requires collateral in certain instances to limit credit risk. In addition, when possible, the Company attempts to limit credit
risk on trade receivables with credit insurance for certain customers in Latin America, Europe, Asia, and Australia by arranging with third-party financing companies to provide flooring arrangements
and other loan and lease programs to the Company's direct customers. These credit-financing arrangements are directly between the third-party financing company and the end customer. As such, the
Company generally does not assume any recourse or credit risk sharing related to any of these arrangements. However, considerable trade receivables not
68
covered
by collateral, third-party flooring arrangements, or credit insurance are outstanding with the Company's distribution and retail channel partners. One customer accounted for approximately 11%
of trade receivables as of September 29, 2007, while no customers accounted for more than 10% of trade receivables as of September 30, 2006.
The
following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts (in millions):
|
|
September 29, 2007
|
|
September 30, 2006
|
|
September 24, 2005
|
|
| Beginning allowance balance |
|
$ |
52 |
|
$ |
46 |
|
$ |
47 |
|
| Charged to costs and expenses |
|
|
12 |
|
|
17 |
|
|
8 |
|
| Deductions |
|
|
(17 |
) |
|
(11 |